Structure and in vitro antifungal activity of [2,6‐bis(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]diphenyltin(IV) compounds

A set of seven [2,6‐bis(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]diphenyltin(IV) ({[(CH₃)₂NCH₂]₂(C₆H₃)}­(C₆H₅)₂Sn⁺X^?) ionic organotin(IV) compounds (X = Br, NO₃, CN, SCN, SeCN, BF₄ and PF₆) has been prepared and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl₃,¹¹⁹Sn NMR in CDCl₃ and DMSO‐d₆ solution, as well as by ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques in the solid state. The in vitro antifungal activity of these water‐soluble ionic organotin(IV) compounds was compared with starting compounds and the antifungal drugs currently in clinical use. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interfacing of microbial cells with nanoparticles: Simple and cost-effective preparation of a highly sensitive microbial ethanol biosensor

Various types of carbon nanoparticles were directly mixed with microbial cells of Gluconobacter oxydans within a 3-D bionanocomposite in order to prepare a highly sensitive ethanol biosensor with a short response time. From all carbonaceous nanomaterials tested, single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes provided the highest sensitivity of detection (117–121 µA cm^?2 mM^?1), but from a practical point of view, Ketjen black 300 and 600 provide very low detection limit (2–6 µM) and high sensitivity for the ethanol analysis (84–88 µA cm^?2 mM^?1)with a shortresponse time (14–33 s). Moreover, the price of Ketjen black is a few orders of magnitude lower compared to that of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the study showed that the morphology of nanoparticles rather than their surface modification is the key element in achieving high sensitivity of ethanol detection.     

Shape Optimization for Navier–Stokes Equations with Algebraic Turbulence Model: Numerical Analysis and Computation

We study the shape optimization problem for the paper machine headbox which distributes a mixture of water and wood fibers in the paper making process. The aim is to find a shape which a priori ensures the given velocity profile on the outlet part. The mathematical formulation leads to the optimal control problem in which the control variable is the shape of the domain representing the header, the state problem is represented by the generalized Navier-Stokes system with nontrivial boundary conditions. This paper deals with numerical aspects of the problem.     

On an integral inequality of the Wirtinger type

In this paper, a new Picone-type identity for the quasilinear differential operator of the second order is used to establish an integral inequality involving functions and their derivatives which generalizes the classical Wirtinger inequality.     

Notes on connections attached to A-structures

The paper presents standard material on A-planar structures and their morphisms. We also introduce the general construction of connections which have the same A-planar curves and characterize some classes of connections obtained in this way. Some of the examples are studied in detail.     

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in food analysis

The use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in food analysis in the last decade is reviewed. The HILIC mechanism is briefly discussed, but main emphasis is put on the use of HILIC for separation of different food matrices. The food matrices are divided into food of animal origin and related products, vegetables, fruits and related compounds, and other food-related matrices. A list on important applications is provided for each category including experimental conditions and a brief summary of the results. The 100 references included will provide the reader a comprehensive overview and insight into HILIC applications to food analysis.