全文获取类型
收费全文 | 216篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 116篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 9篇 |
数学 | 40篇 |
物理学 | 52篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 17篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有218条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Pertti Hakonen Alexei Babkin Alexander Parshin Jussi Ruutu Jari Saramäki George Tvalashvili 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1996,46(6):2965-2972
A brief review of our recent work on interfaces in quantum systems at millikelvin temperatures is presented. In this paper, we concentrate on high-resolution interferometry on superfluid/solid interface in4He. Our results show a novel surface transition at small inclination angles off the c-axis, slow facet growth which cannot be assigned to the regular screw-dislocation-mediated mechanism, and fast spiral growth moderated by step localization. 相似文献
152.
Katriina Lipponen Sari Tähkä Jörgen Samuelsson Matti Jauhiainen Jari Metso Geraldine Cilpa-Karhu Torgny Fornstedt Mauri Kostiainen Marja-Liisa Riekkola 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(17):4137-4146
Adsorption energy distribution (AED) calculations were successfully applied to partial-filling affinity capillary electrophoresis (PF-ACE) to facilitate more detailed studies of biomolecular interactions. PF-ACE with AED calculations was employed to study the interactions between two isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and dermatan sulfate (DS), and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used in combination with AED calculations to examine the interactions of the 15-amino-acid peptide fragment of apoE with DS. The heterogeneity of the interactions was elucidated. Microscale thermophoresis was used to validate the results. The interactions studied are of interest because, in vivo, apolipoprotein E localizes on DS-containing regions in the extracellular matrix of human vascular subendothelium. Two-site binding was demonstrated for the isoform apoE3 and DS, but only one-site binding for apoE2–DS. Comparable affinity constants were obtained for the apoE2–DS, apoE3–D3, and 15-amino-acid peptide of apoE–DS using the three techniques. The results show that combining AED calculations with modern biosensing techniques can open up another dimension in studies on the heterogeneity and affinity constants of biological molecules. 相似文献
153.
Antti S?yn?tjoki Benfeng Bai Ari Tervonen Jari Turunen Seppo Honkanen 《Optical Review》2010,17(3):181-186
Optical confinement in slot waveguides with angled sidewalls is studied. Improved vertical optical confinement is observed.
Different mode solvers are compared in the modeling of slot waveguides with varying sidewall angles. The finite element method
was found best suitable for this task. The effect of the slot waveguide geometry on the vertical optical confinement is studied.
The reduced effective mode area is beneficial in all-optical applications due to enhancement of nonlinear effects in the waveguide. 相似文献
154.
Tommi Palomki Miguel A. Caro Niklas Wester Sami Sainio Jarkko Etula Leena‐Sisko Johansson Jeon G. Han Jari Koskinen Tomi Laurila 《Electroanalysis》2019,31(4):746-755
Undoped a‐C thin films were deposited with varying power density from 10 to 25 W/cm2 using unbalanced closed‐field magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS). The effect of power density on the physical and electrochemical properties was investigated by experimental characterization methods and atomistic simulations. XPS indicated that the films were composed mostly of sp2‐bonded carbon (55–58 at.%) with a small amount of oxygen (8–9 at.%) in the surface region. The films appeared completely amorphous in XRD. The ID/IG ratio obtained by Raman spectroscopy indicated an increase from 1.76 to 2.34 with power density. The experimental and simulated data suggested a possible ordering and/or clustering of the sp2 phase with power density as the cause of the improved electrical properties of the a‐C films. The electrochemical properties of a‐C were between those of glassy carbon and tetrahedral amorphous carbon with potential windows ranging from 2.77 to 2.93 V and double‐layer capacitance values around 0.90 μF cm?2. Electron transfer for Ru(NH3)63+/2+ and FcMeOH+1/0 was reversible whereas that for IrCl62?/3? was quasi‐reversible. Peak potential separation of dopamine and oxidation potential of ascorbic acid decreased with power density, correlating with the structural and electrical changes of the films. The a‐C thin films deposited by CFUBMS are inherently conductive and their physical properties can be adjusted by varying the deposition parameters to a wide range of electrochemical applications. 相似文献
155.
Jari Taskinen 《Results in Mathematics》1994,26(1-2):143-154
156.
Elina Virtanen Jari Tamminen Juha Linnanto Pia Mätttäri Pirjo Vainiotalo Erkki Kolehmainen 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2002,43(3-4):319-327
The synthesis, structural characterization, and cation/anion binding properties ofa new bile acid-amino acid conjugate, N-deoxycholyl-l-tryptophan, aredescribed. The structures of the ligand and its cadmium adduct at different pHconditions and various cadmium perchlorate concentrations were determined bymodern multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic as well as ESI-TOF MStechniques. Also semiempirical PM3 and ab initio/HF molecular modellingstudies were performed. Based on 1H,1H NOESY measurementsN-deoxycholyl-l-tryptophan in alkaline conditions was found to appearin a bent conformation which was clearly different from the conformations in neutraland acidic solutions. According to molecular modelling in its minimum energy structurethe tryptophan backbone of the ligand was folded close to the deoxycholic acid skeletonand the structure was stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The multinuclearmagnetic resonance experiments indicated that Cd2+-cation was bound with theligand in neutral and alkaline conditions while in acidic conditions protons block thebinding site. ESI-TOF MS revealed clearly a competition between sodium and cadmiumions, the ligand having a stronger affinity for sodium. Cadmium binding occurred onlywhen excess of cadmium was used. Further, ESI-TOF MS spectra showed that variouschlorine oxyanions originated from perchlorate anion formed together with cationsdifferent adducts with the ligand. 相似文献
157.
Koskinen AM Helaja J Kumpulainen ET Koivisto J Mansikkamäki H Rissanen K 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(16):6447-6453
The motional restrictions of the proline pyrrolidine ring allow this secondary amine amino acid to act as a turn inducer in many peptides and proteins. The pyrrolidine ring is known to exhibit two predominant pucker modes (i.e., C-4 (Cgamma) exo and endo envelope conformers whose ratio can be controlled by proper substituents in the ring). In nature, the exo puckered 4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline plays a crucial role as a building block in collagen and collagen-like structures. It has been previously concluded that the electronegativity of the 4-cis-substituent increases the endo puckering while the electronegativity of the 4-trans-substituent favors the exo puckering. Here, we have introduced a sterically demanding tert-butyl group at C-4 in trans- and cis-configurations. In the case of trans-substitution, the induced puckering effect on the pyrrolidine ring was studied with X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectral simulations. Both cis- and trans-4-tert-butyl groups strongly favor pseudoequatorial orientation, thereby causing opposite puckering effects for the pyrrolidine ring, cis-exo and trans-endo for l-prolines, in contrast to the effects observed in the case of electronegative C-4 substituents. The syntheses and structural analysis are presented for the conformationally constrained 4-tert-butylprolines. The prolines were synthesized from 4-hydroxy-l-proline, substitution with t-BuCuSPhLi being the key transformation. This reaction gave N-Boc-trans-4-tert-butyl-l-proline tert-butyl ester in 94% ee and 57% de. Enantioselectivity was increased to 99.2% ee by crystallization of N-Boc-trans-4-tert-butyl-l-proline in the final step of the synthesis. 相似文献
158.
Tristram Chivers Jari Konu Jamie S. Ritch May C. Copsey Dana J. Eisler Heikki M. Tuononen 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2007,692(13):2658-2668
The recent discovery of a suitable synthesis of the monoanionic ditelluroimidodiphosphinate ligands [TePR2NPR2Te]− (R = Ph, iPr, tBu) has facilitated investigations of the fundamental chemistry of these chelating inorganic ligands. This article is focused on aspects of that chemistry in which the behaviour of this ditelluro PNP ligand differs from that of the well-studied dithio and diseleno congeners. The emphasis is on new tellurium-containing ring systems formed in: (a) redox transformations and (b) the synthesis of metal complexes. 相似文献
159.
The copper(I)‐catalyzed dipolar [2+3] cycloaddition reaction of an azide and a terminal alkyne is exploited in the preparation of various europium(III), terbium(III), and dysprosium(III) chelates (Schemes 1–3). By changing the nature of the alkyne and the azide, a wide range of chelates and biomolecule‐labeling reactants were obtained. The photophysical properties (Table) of the synthesized chelates are also discussed. 相似文献
160.
Pihlaja K Klika KD Sinkkonen J Ovcharenko VV Maloshitskaya O Sillanpää R Czombos J 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2002,67(6):1910-1917
Both cis- and trans-fused 4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H,4H-1,3-benzodithiine together with their 2-methyl and 2,2-dimethyl derivatives were prepared as racemates from the appropriate dithiols obtained via multistep syntheses. The products were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, mass spectrometry, and for two of the cis-fused compounds by X-ray diffraction. (1)H,(1)H vicinal coupling constants indicated that all compounds attain chair-chair conformations as their predominant conformations. All three trans-fused isomers exist in totally biased chair-chair conformations and are essentially conformationally locked, whereas the cis-fused compounds are conformationally mobile and can potentially attain either the S-in or the S-out conformation. The interconversion of the conformers is fast on the NMR time-scale at ambient temperatures, but at 213 K 4ar,5,6,7,8,8ac-hexahydro-1,3-benzodithiine freezes out into a 83:17 mixture of the S-in and S-out forms, respectively. Both 2c-methyl-4ar,5,6,7,8,8ac-hexahydro-1,3-dithiine and the dimethyl derivative adopt almost exclusively the S-in conformer at ambient temperature whereas 2t-methyl-4ar,5,6,7,8,8ac-hexahydro-1,3-dithiine is a 5:1 mixture of the S-out and S-in conformers. 相似文献