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31.
Elon Santos Correa Maria Teresinha A. Steiner Alex A. Freitas Celso Carnieri 《Numerical Algorithms》2004,35(2-4):373-388
Facility-location problems have several applications, such as telecommunications, industrial transportation and distribution. One of the most well-known facility-location problems is the p-median problem. This work addresses an application of the capacitated p-median problem to a real-world problem. We propose a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the capacitated p-median problem. The proposed GA uses not only conventional genetic operators, but also a new heuristic “hypermutation” operator suggested in this work. The proposed GA is compared with a tabu search algorithm. 相似文献
32.
E.D. Aydin C.R.E. de Oliveira 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2004,84(3):247-260
In this paper, we solve the steady-state form of the Boltzmann transport equation in homogeneous and heterogeneous tissue-like media with a finite element-spherical harmonics (FE-PN) radiation transport method. We compare FE-transport and diffusion solutions in terms of the ratio of absorption to reduced scattering coefficient, (μa/μs′) and the anisotropy factor g. Two different scattering phase function formulas are employed to model anisotropic scattering in the slab media with high g-value. Influence of void-like heterogeneities, and of their boundaries with the surrounding medium on the transport of photons are also examined. 相似文献
33.
C. S. Munita L. P. Barroso P. M. S. Oliveira 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,269(2):335-338
Summary In general, when characterizing samples, such as ceramic samples or other types of samples, for first time by means of chemical
elements, the analyst measures a large number of variables, many of which may not be very informative. In fact, some may even
be unrelated to the issue at hand and blur the picture instead of making it clearer. In subsequent studies the analyst may
wish to measure fewer variables for several reasons, such as being very time consuming; in cases where measurement time is
important, such as on-line monitoring; in order to reduce cost or effort; etc. Therefore, the hope is to determine those variables
that are most relevant without losing essential information and to remove the less productive information. The problem is
how to perform this in an objective way and to capture crucial information using a multivariate analysis. This paper aims
to describe and illustrate a stopping rule for the identification of redundant variables, and the selection of variable subsets,
preserving multivariate data structure using stepwise discriminant analysis, selecting those variables that are in some senses
adequate for discrimination purposes. One illustrative example using data sets obtained via INAA of ceramic samples from two
archaeological sites is provided. 相似文献
34.
Marcos Almeida Bezerra Sérgio Mitihiro do Nascimento Maêda Eliane Padua Oliveira Maria de Fátima Batista de Carvalho Ricardo Erthal Santelli 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2007
In the present paper a procedure is proposed for the determination of traces of Cd, Co, Mn and Cr in petroleum industry produced water by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The procedure is based on cloud point extraction of these metals, as their dithizonate complexes, into the surfactant-rich phase of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol surfactant (Triton X-114). Extractions were carried out in solutions with salinities between 10‰ and 70‰. Since residual salinity in the surfactant-rich phase caused differences in its transport to the plasma, yttrium was used as an internal standard to correct for this effect. The simultaneous metal extraction procedure was optimized by response surface methodology using a Doehlert design and desirability function. Enhancement factors of 21, 21, 9 and 19, along with limits of quantification of 0.093, 0.20, 0.73 and 1.2 μg L− 1, and precision expressed as relative standard deviation (n = 8, 20.0 μg L− 1) of 5.8, 1.2, 1.7 and 5.7% were obtained for Cd, Co, Mn and Cr, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by spike recovery tests on the high salinity water samples with salinity of 40 and 63‰. 相似文献
35.
E. de A. Gonçalves V. M. de Oliveira A. Rosas P. R.A. Campos 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,59(1):127-132
Adaptation of populations takes place with the occurrence and subsequent fixation of mutations that confer some selective
advantage
to the individuals which acquire it. For this reason, the study of the process of fixation of advantageous mutations has a
long history
in the population genetics literature. Particularly, the previous investigations aimed to find out the main evolutionary forces
affecting the strength of natural selection in the populations.
In the current work, we investigate the dynamics of fixation of beneficial mutations in a subdivided population. The subpopulations
(demes)
can exchange migrants
among their neighbors, in a migration network which is assumed to have either a random graph or a scale-free topology. We
have observed that the migration rate
drastically affects the dynamics of mutation fixation, despite of the fact that the probability of fixation is invariant on
the
migration rate, accordingly to
Maruyama's conjecture. In addition, we have noticed a topological dependence of the adaptive evolution of the population when
clonal interference
becomes effective. 相似文献
36.
This work presents a formulation based on UPML for truncating conductive media by using a local and non-orthogonal coordinate
system to solve Maxwell’s equations by the FDTD method. The detailed procedure for obtaining the UPML equations for this case
is shown and the complete equation set is provided. 相似文献
37.
38.
N. S. Oliveira J. Dorgan J. A. P. Coutinho A. Ferreira J. L. Daridon I. M. Marrucho 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(5):616-625
The sorption of carbon dioxide in glassy Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at high pressures. Two thermal treatments, melted and quenched, were performed in PLA with two different L:D contents, 80:20 and 98:2, films and compared with a third thermal protocol, annealed, and used in a previous work. The results obtained show that for pressures higher than 2 MPa, the carbon dioxide solubility is larger in PLA 80:20 than in PLA 98:2, indicating that the L:D plays a dominant role on this property. The thermal treatments only affect the gas solubility in PLA 98:2. Sorption isotherms at temperatures 303, 313, and 323 K, below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and pressures up to 5 MPa were measured and analyzed with three different models, the dual‐mode sorption model, the Flory–Huggins equation, and a modified dual‐mode sorption model where the Henry's law term was substituted by the Flory–Huggins equation. This last model performs especially well for CO2 in PLA 80:20, due to the convex upward curvature of the solubility isotherms for that system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 616–625, 2007 相似文献
39.
Anirban Jana 《Journal of sound and vibration》2006,289(3):612-631
The linear aeroelastic stability of an unbaffled flexible disk rotating in an unbounded fluid is investigated by modeling the disk-fluid system as a rotating Kirchhoff plate coupled to the irrotational motions of a compressible inviscid fluid. A perturbed eigenvalue formulation is used to compute systematically the coupled system eigenvalues. Both a semi-analytical and a numerical method are employed to solve the fluid boundary value problem. The semi-analytical approach involves a perturbation series solution of the dual integral equations arising from the fluid boundary value problem. The numerical approach is a boundary element method based on the Hadamard finite part. Unlike previous works, it is found that a disk with zero material damping destabilizes immediately beyond its lowest critical speed. Upon the inclusion of small disk material damping, the flutter speeds become supercritical and increase with decreasing fluid density. The competing effects of radiation damping into the surrounding fluid and disk material damping control the onset of flutter at supercritical speed. The results are expected to be relevant for the design of rotating disk systems in data storage, turbomachinery and manufacturing applications. 相似文献
40.
A control volume type numerical methodology for the analysis of steady three‐dimensional rotating flows with heat transfer, in both laminar and turbulent conditions, is implemented and experimentally tested. Non‐axisymmetric momentum and heat transfer phenomena are allowed for. Turbulent transport is alternatively represented through three existing versions of the k–ε model that were adjusted to take into account the turbulence anisotropy promoted by rotation, streamline curvature and thermal buoyancy. Their relative performance is evaluated by comparison of calculated local and global heat balances with those obtained through measurements in a laboratory device. A modified version of the Lam and Bremhorst, low Reynolds number model is seen to give the best results. A preliminary analysis focused on the flow structure and the transfer of heat is reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献