全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24073篇 |
免费 | 692篇 |
国内免费 | 149篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14764篇 |
晶体学 | 180篇 |
力学 | 758篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 3608篇 |
物理学 | 5603篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 135篇 |
2022年 | 184篇 |
2021年 | 299篇 |
2020年 | 358篇 |
2019年 | 353篇 |
2018年 | 268篇 |
2017年 | 246篇 |
2016年 | 565篇 |
2015年 | 484篇 |
2014年 | 555篇 |
2013年 | 1109篇 |
2012年 | 1141篇 |
2011年 | 1340篇 |
2010年 | 832篇 |
2009年 | 739篇 |
2008年 | 1156篇 |
2007年 | 1249篇 |
2006年 | 1123篇 |
2005年 | 1180篇 |
2004年 | 960篇 |
2003年 | 760篇 |
2002年 | 719篇 |
2001年 | 560篇 |
2000年 | 510篇 |
1999年 | 311篇 |
1998年 | 288篇 |
1997年 | 292篇 |
1996年 | 351篇 |
1995年 | 312篇 |
1994年 | 290篇 |
1993年 | 343篇 |
1992年 | 312篇 |
1991年 | 292篇 |
1990年 | 242篇 |
1989年 | 237篇 |
1988年 | 248篇 |
1987年 | 237篇 |
1986年 | 205篇 |
1985年 | 287篇 |
1984年 | 283篇 |
1983年 | 214篇 |
1982年 | 231篇 |
1981年 | 221篇 |
1980年 | 217篇 |
1979年 | 210篇 |
1978年 | 219篇 |
1977年 | 159篇 |
1976年 | 172篇 |
1975年 | 148篇 |
1974年 | 172篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
211.
The long-time behavior of the velocity distribution of a spatially uniform diluted guest population of charged particles moving within a host medium under the influence of a D.C. electric field is studied within the framework of scattering theory. We prove the existence of wave and scattering operators for a simplified one-dimensional model of the linearized Boltzmann equation. The theory is applied to the study of the long-term behavior of electrons and the occurrence of traveling waves in runaway processes. 相似文献
212.
Stefano L. Paveri-Fontana C. V. M. van der Mee P. F. Zweifel 《Journal of statistical physics》1989,57(1-2):247-265
A BGK-type Boltzmann equation for a neutral gas is considered as a model for electron swarms, because the gas and the electron Boltzmann equation have a common diffusion approximation. Both full- and half-range theory are developed using orthogonality methods of solution. Preliminary comparisons with diffusion theory are presented. 相似文献
213.
214.
215.
216.
Gajdek P Bober B Mej E Bialczyk J 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2004,76(1-3):103-106
UV radiation was applied to degrade cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR in the presence of phycocyanin as a model natural sensitiser. The concentrations of both the toxin and the pigment used in the experiments were higher by several orders of magnitude than found in the environment. The photoreaction parameters were optimised. The process was found to be of limited use for water treatment due to its low efficacy. Additionally, pronounced UV-induced bleaching of the pigment significantly reducing the photoreaction rates of the toxin was observed for the highest UV radiation intensities applied. 相似文献
217.
Nanoscale organization of the pathogen receptor DC-SIGN mapped by single-molecule high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bärbel I. de Bakker Dr. Frank de Lange Dr. Alessandra Cambi Dr. Jeroen P. Korterik Erik M. H. P. van Dijk Dr. Niek F. van Hulst Prof. Carl G. Figdor Prof. Maria F. Garcia‐Parajo Prof. 《Chemphyschem》2007,8(10):1473-1480
DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin exclusively expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), plays an important role in pathogen recognition by binding with high affinity to a large variety of microorganisms. Recent experimental evidence points to a direct relation between the function of DC-SIGN as a viral receptor and its spatial arrangement on the plasma membrane. We have investigated the nanoscale organization of fluorescently labeled DC-SIGN on intact isolated DCs by means of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) combined with single-molecule detection. Fluorescence spots of different intensity and size have been directly visualized by optical means with a spatial resolution of less than 100 nm. Intensity- and size-distribution histograms of the DC-SIGN fluorescent spots confirm that approximately 80 % of the receptors are organized in nanosized domains randomly distributed on the cell membrane. Intensity-size correlation analysis revealed remarkable heterogeneity in the molecular packing density of the domains. Furthermore, we have mapped the intermolecular organization within a dense cluster by means of sequential NSOM imaging combined with discrete single-molecule photobleaching. In this way we have determined the spatial coordinates of 13 different individual dyes, with a localization accuracy of 6 nm. Our experimental observations are all consistent with an arrangement of DC-SIGN designed to maximize its chances of binding to a wide range of microorganisms. Our data also illustrate the potential of NSOM as an ultrasensitive, high-resolution technique to probe nanometer-scale organization of molecules on the cell membrane. 相似文献
218.
An ionic form of diphenyltrichlorophosphorane, namely, diphenyldichlorophosphonium trichloride isolated as a dichlorine solvate (1), was obtained by treating PPh(2)Cl(3) with excess chlorine. The identity of this species was established by single-crystal X-ray analysis and (31)P, (1)H, and (35)Cl NMR and Raman spectra. Bis(diphenyldichlorophosphonium) pentachloroindate (2) was obtained by the reaction of diphenyltrichlorophosphorane with indium trichloride in dichloromethane for comparison purposes. Its identity was determined by (31)P NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray analysis. 相似文献
219.
A new algorithm/program has been elaborated for simultaneous processing of different sets of vapour–liquid equilibrium data. The program was tested with six binary hexane + isomeric pentanol systems, each of them measured at three different isobaric conditions and one isothermal system of tert-butyl-methyl-ether + 2-methyl-2-propanol measured at three different temperatures. The correlation uses the maximum likelihood method, taking into account real behaviour of vapour phase. The parameters obtained are valid within the whole temperature range of the data, and are consistent in comparison with those obtained from individual correlations of isobars or isotherms. Results are presented for the Wilson and NRTL equations. 相似文献
220.
Aarnts MP Wilms MP Peelen K Fraanje J Goubitz K Hartl F Stufkens DJ Baerends EJ Vlcek A 《Inorganic chemistry》1996,35(19):5468-5477
Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) was synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (119)Sn NMR, and mass (FAB(+)) spectroscopies and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which proved the presence of a nearly linear Sn-Ru-Sn unit. Crystals of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB).3.5C(6)H(6) form in the triclinic space group P&onemacr; in a unit cell of dimensions a = 11.662(6) ?, b = 13.902(3) ?, c = 19.643(2) ?, alpha = 71.24(2) degrees, beta = 86.91(4) degrees, gamma = 77.89(3) degrees, and V = 2946(3) ?(3). One-electron reduction of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) produces the stable radical-anion [Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB)](*-) that was characterized by IR, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. Its EPR spectrum shows a signal at g = 1.9960 with well resolved Sn, Ru, and iPr-DAB (H, N) hyperfine couplings. DFT-MO calculations on the model compound Ru(SnH(3))(2)(CO)(2)(H-DAB) reveal that the HOMO is mainly of sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) character mixed strongly with the lowest pi orbital of the H-DAB ligand. The LUMO (SOMO in the reduced complex) should be viewed as predominantly pi(H-DAB) with an admixture of the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) orbital. Accordingly, the lowest-energy absorption band of the neutral species will mainly belong to the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn)-->pi(iPr-DAB) charge transfer transition. The intrinsic strength of the Ru-Sn bond and the delocalized character of the three-center four-electron Sn-Ru-Sn sigma-bond account for the inherent stability of the radical anion. 相似文献