Second-Order Optimality Conditions in Set Optimization

In this paper, we propose second-order epiderivatives for set-valued maps. By using these concepts, second-order necessary optimality conditions and a sufficient optimality condition are given in set optimization. These conditions extend some known results in optimization.The authors are grateful to the referees for careful reading and helpful remarks.     

Symmetries of discontinuous flows and the dual Rankine-Hugoniot conditions in fluid dynamics

It has recently been shown that the maximal kinematical invariance group of polytropic fluids, for smooth subsonic flows, is the semidirect product of SL (2, R) and the static Galilei group G. This result purports to offer a theoretical explanation for an intriguing similarity, that was recently observed, between a supernova explosion and a plasma implosion. In this paper we extend this result to discuss the symmetries of discontinuous flows, which further validates the explanation by taking into account shock waves, which are the driving force behind both the explosion and implosion. This is accomplished by constructing a new set of Rankine-Hugoniot conditions, which follow from Noether’s conservation laws. The new set is dual to the standard Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and is related to them through the SL (2, R) transformations. The entropy condition, that the shock needs to satisfy for physical reasons, is also seen to remain invariant under the transformations.     

Monopole excitation of 4He in α-particle scattering from 12C, 13C,and 16O

The excitation of the O⁺ state in ⁴He at 20.1 MeV has been studied in α-scattering from ¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁶O at E_α=65MeV by measuring the decay $\text{α}{}^1\text{→}\text{p}\text{+}\text{t}$ with a coincidence method. DWBA calculations of this monopole transition using both microscopic and collective model transition densities are presented.     

Systematics of nn states with high spin: A study of the (α, 2He) reaction on fp shell nuclei

At 57 MeV bombarding energy the (α, ²He) reaction has been investigated on targets of ^54,56Fe, ^58,60,62,64Ni, ^64,66Zn, and ⁷⁰Ge. Selective excitation of the 2n configurations $\text{(}\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{7?}}$, , and $\text{(}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{2}\text{d}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{6+}}$ was observed in all final nuclei. A linear A and T dependence of the binding energies of these states was observed. This systematic behaviour is well described by the Bansal-French model. The values obtained for the strength of the isoscalar and the isovector parts of the particle-hole interaction are consistent with the average of the values describing the corresponding single-particle states.     

Experimental study of high spin states in the ground state bands of158,160Er,164,166Yb,and168Hf

Ground state rotational bands in the deformed doubly-even rare earth nuclei^158,160Er,^164,166Yb, and¹⁶⁸Hf have been observed in (α, 8n γ) reactions. The γ-spectra associated with these reactions were studied in-beam using conventional spectroscopic methods. In all five nuclei the nuclear moment of inertia of the ground state rotational states was found to increase abruptly as higher spin states were attained. In a plot of the moment of inertia as a function of the angular velocity all these five nuclei display “backbending” curves. Moreover, in¹⁵⁸Er and¹⁶⁶Yb, the curves after passing through a maximum bend subsequently downwards.     

Neue Wege der serologischen HIV-Diagnostik

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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New approaches to serological HIV diagnostics

     

Birefringence in tetragonal antiferromagnets

It is shown that measurements made in the flop phase of antiferromagnets can lead to an unambiguous determination of the relative importance of the possible microscopic origins of the magnetic linear birefringence. From our experiments we conclude that in GdVO₄ exchangestriction is the dominant contribution.     

Observation of anomalous behaviour of the nuclear moment of inertia at large rotational frequencies in Yb and Hf

The (α, 8n) reaction has been used to produce high-spin states in ¹⁶⁴Yb and ¹⁶⁸Hf. In both cases a sharp increase of the moment of inertia as a function of rotational frequency was observed at I = 12.