A Mixture Model of Truncated Zeta Distributions with Applications to Scientific Collaboration Networks

The degree distribution has attracted considerable attention from network scientists in the last few decades to have knowledge of the topological structure of networks. It is widely acknowledged that many real networks have power-law degree distributions. However, the deviation from such a behavior often appears when the range of degrees is small. Even worse, the conventional employment of the continuous power-law distribution usually causes an inaccurate inference as the degree should be discrete-valued. To remedy these obstacles, we propose a finite mixture model of truncated zeta distributions for a broad range of degrees that disobeys a power-law behavior in the range of small degrees while maintaining the scale-free behavior. The maximum likelihood algorithm alongside the model selection method is presented to estimate model parameters and the number of mixture components. The validity of the suggested algorithm is evidenced by Monte Carlo simulations. We apply our method to five disciplines of scientific collaboration networks with remarkable interpretations. The proposed model outperforms the other alternatives in terms of the goodness-of-fit.     

Gamma function to Beck–Cohen superstatistics

In this paper, we show a mathematical construction of Beck–Cohen superstatistics in the Bayesian point of view with the help of the two representations of a gamma function. Furthermore, it is shown how some results for superstatistics are related to each other.     

High performance Zn–Sn–O thin film transistors with Cu source/drain electrode

Zn–Sn–O (ZTO) thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated with a Cu source/drain electrode. Although a reasonably high mobility (μ_FE) of 13.2 cm²/Vs was obtained for the ZTO TFTs, the subthreshold gate swing (SS) and threshold voltage (V_th) of 1.1 V/decade and 9.1 V, respectively, were inferior. However, ZTO TFTs with Ta film inserted as a diffusion barrier, exhibited improved SS and V_th values of 0.48 V/decade and 3.0 V, respectively as well as a high μ_FE value of 18.7 cm²/Vs. The improvement in the Ta‐inserted device was attributed to the suppression of Cu lateral diffusion into the ZTO channel region. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

High oxygen pressures and the stabilization of six-coordinated Ir(VI) in an oxygen lattice

Abstract

During these last twenty five years a great efforts have been made in the Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide du CNRS in order to develop high oxygen pressure for the stabilization of unusual oxidation state of transition elements.

The aims of such research works was to correlate the increase of the Mⁿ⁺-O bond covalency versus the increase of the oxidation state n+ to the physicochemical properties of resulting oxides [1].

Iridium was an interesting element due to its position (5d) in the Periodic Table. In 1980 Ir(V) (d⁴) was stabilized in La₂LiIrO₆ in the perovskite structure [2]. Such a study had underlined the strong value of the spin-orbit coupling associated to Ir(V) [3].

The stabilization of Ir(VI) is interesting from two points of view : (i) its isotropic electronic configuration (d³), (ii) such a high oxidation state could lead to the strongest M-O bond in an oxygen lattice.

Selecting, through a specific methodology, the most appropriate local structural and chemical factors and with the help of high oxygen pressure, Ir(V1) was stabilized in the perovskite Ba₂CaIrO₆. Structural, magnetic and Mössbauer studies have been carried out in order to characterize the physicochemical properties induced by this unusual oxidation state.     

15N/14N Analysis of Amino Acids with GC-C-IRMS - Methodical Investigations and Ecotoxicological Applications

Abstract

In order to perform the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N analysis of amino acids using a gas chromatograph and isotope ratio mass spectrometer linked up via a combustion interface (GC-C-IRMS), the amino acids must be derivatized. Tert-butyldimethylsilylation is examined using various techniques (direct conversion to nitrogen gas, ConFlo-IRMS [1], GC-C-IRMS [2]) and subsequently applied to isotopic characterization of amino acids from wheat protein hydrolyzate obtained from plants exposed to ozone. The method provides a reliable tool for studying ecotoxicological effects on plants at a molecular level in addition to the investigation of the natural variations of different N fractions.     

Dynamics of surface dipole and tripole solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media with optical lattice field

We find the existence conditions for stationary dipole and tripole surface solitons formed at the interface of a nonlocal nonlinear medium and a lattice with linearly modulated frequency. We investigate how the degree of nonlocality, the depth, and the modulation frequency of the optical lattice field affect on the existence of the surface solitons and their dynamics. The relationship between the power and the model parameters is identified. The stability of the surface dipole and tripole solitons is numerically investigated.     

Size-dependent chemical transformation,structural phase change,and optical properties of nanowires

Nanowires offer a unique approach for the bottom-up assembly of electronic and photonic devices with the potential of integrating photonics with existing technologies. The anisotropic geometry and mesoscopic length scales of nanowires also make them very interesting systems to study a variety of size-dependent phenomenon where finite-size effects become important. We will discuss the intriguing size-dependent properties of nanowire systems with diameters in the 5–300?nm range, where finite-size and interfacial phenomena become more important than quantum mechanical effects. The ability to synthesize and manipulate nanostructures by chemical methods allows tremendous versatility in creating new systems with well-controlled geometries, dimensions, and functionality, which can then be used for understanding novel processes in finite-sized systems and devices.