全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1958篇 |
免费 | 118篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1550篇 |
晶体学 | 19篇 |
力学 | 41篇 |
数学 | 146篇 |
物理学 | 329篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 35篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 35篇 |
2016年 | 94篇 |
2015年 | 65篇 |
2014年 | 97篇 |
2013年 | 187篇 |
2012年 | 171篇 |
2011年 | 163篇 |
2010年 | 115篇 |
2009年 | 89篇 |
2008年 | 111篇 |
2007年 | 111篇 |
2006年 | 117篇 |
2005年 | 97篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2085条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Hyeong Taek Ham Yeong Suk Choi Mu Guen Chee In Jae Chung 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):573-584
This work is to make carbon nanotubes dispersible in both water and organic solvents without oxidation and cutting nanotube threads. Polystyrene‐singlewall carbon nanotube (PS‐SWNT) composites were prepared with three different methods: miniemulsion polymerization, conventional emulsion polymerization, and mixing SWNT with PS latex. The two factors, crosslinking and surface coverage of PS are important factors for the mechanical and electrical properties, including dispersion states of SWNT in various solvents. The PS‐SWNT composite prepared via a conventional emulsion polymerization showed SWNT bundles entirely covered with PS, whereas the PS‐SWNT composite prepared via a miniemulsion polymerization showed SWNT partially covered with crosslinked PS nanoparticles. The method of mixing SWNTs with PS latex did not show the well dispersed state of carbon nanotubes because PS was not crosslinked and was dissolved in a solvent, and nanotubes separated from PS precipitated. So the PS nanoparticle‐SWNT composite had lower electrical resistance, and higher mechanical strength than the other composites made by the latter two methods. As the amount of SWNT increases, the bare surface area of SWNT increases and the electrical conductivity increases in the composite made by the miniemulsion polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 573–584, 2006 相似文献
12.
Jin Kyu Park Dong Hun Lee Bok Ju Song Jae Buem Oh Hwan Kyu Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(3):1326-1342
We have designed and synthesized novel perfluorinated polyimides with 3D controlled structure. At first, we successfully developed the new synthetic routes to diamines with pendant bulky perfluorinated aromatic units in a multi‐step synthetic procedure. Novel perfluorinated polyimides were prepared in a two‐step reaction in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solution: The first step was for the synthesis of polyamic acids (PAAs) and the second reaction was for the imidization of PAA. The polymer yield was over 89% and the inherent viscosity of PAAs was in the range of 0.24–0.36 dL/g. The thin films were prepared by spin‐coating the PAA solution in NMP onto various substrates such as a Si wafer or a KBr pellet, dried at 80 °C and further cured at 230 °C. The resultant polyimides are thermally stable over 400 °C. The refractive index and birefringence of the resultant polyimides are 1.5858–1.6452 and 0.01–0.005, respectively. The refractive index of polyimide decreases with increasing the fluorine content. The copolymerization and the ether linkages into the backbone reduce the birefringence of polyimides. Surprisingly, the pendant ether linkage is not a crucial factor in reducing the polyimide birefringence. Their birefringence is comparatively very low, compared with that of previous polyimides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1326–1342, 2006 相似文献
13.
Chae Kyu Kim Eun Seok Song Hyung Joo Kim Chiyoung Park Young Chul Kim Jai Kyeong Kim Jae Woong Yu Chulhee Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):254-263
We have synthesized conjugated dendrimer with triazine peripheries, and their luminescence properties were investigated. The dendrimers consist of dendritic triazine wedges for electron transport, distyrylbenzene core as an emitting moiety, and t‐butyl peripheral groups for good processing properties. The dendrimers have LUMO values of about ?2.7 eV possibly because of the triazine moiety with high electron affinity. Photoluminescence study indicates that energy transfer occurs from the triazine wedges to the stilbene bridge, and finally to the core chromophore units due to a cascade decrease of bandgap from the peripheral wedge to core moiety. Therefore, the emission wavelength was determined by the structure of the core unit. The energy transfer efficiency of distyrylbenzene‐cored dendrimers was about 75 and 55% for Trz‐1GD‐DSB and Trz‐2GD‐DSB, respectively. A preliminary electroluminescence property also was investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 254–263, 2006 相似文献
14.
15.
Hong Oh Kim Rae Young Kim Jae Kun Lim Zuowei Shen 《Journal of Approximation Theory》2007,147(2):196-204
We start with a characterization of a pair of frames to be orthogonal in a shift-invariant space and then give a simple construction of a pair of orthogonal shift-invariant frames. This is applied to obtain a construction of a pair of Gabor orthogonal frames as an example. This is also developed further to obtain constructions of a pair of orthogonal wavelet frames. 相似文献
16.
Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) consisting of 3-hydroxyalkanoates (3HAs) of 4 to 10 carbon atoms was examined
in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains. When the fadA and/or fadB mutant E. coli strains harboring the plasmid containing the Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 phaC2 gene and the Ralstonia eutropha phaAB genes were cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with 2 g/L of sodium decanoate, all the recombinant E. coli strains synthesized PHAs consisting of C4, C6, C8, and C10 monomer units. The monomer composition of PHA was dependent on
the E. coli strain used. When the fadA mutant E. coli was employed, PHA containing up to 63 mol% of 3-hydroyhexanoate was produced. In fadB and fadAB mutant E. coli strains, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) was efficiently incorporated into PHA up to 86 mol%. Cultivation of recombinant fadA and/or fadB mutant E. coli strains in LB medium containing 10 g/L of sodium gluconate and 2 g/L of sodium decanoate resulted in the production of PHA
copolymer containing a very high fraction of 3HB up to 95 mol%. Since the material properties of PHA copolymer consisting
of a large fraction of 3HB and a small fraction of medium-chain-length 3HA are similar to those of low-density polyethylene,
recombinant E. coli strains constructed in this study should be useful for the production of PHAs suitable for various commercial applications. 相似文献
17.
CHIP-mediated hyperubiquitylation of tau promotes its self-assembly into the insoluble tau filaments
Ji Hyeon Kim Jeeyoung Lee Won Hoon Choi Seoyoung Park Seo Hyeong Park Jung Hoon Lee Sang Min Lim Ji Young Mun Hyun-Soo Cho Dohyun Han Young Ho Suh Min Jae Lee 《Chemical science》2021,12(15):5599
The tau protein is a highly soluble and natively unfolded protein. Under pathological conditions, tau undergoes multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) and conformational changes to form insoluble filaments, which are the proteinaceous signatures of tauopathies. To dissect the crosstalk among tau PTMs during the aggregation process, we phosphorylated and ubiquitylated recombinant tau in vitro using GSK3β and CHIP, respectively. The resulting phospho–ub-tau contained conventional polyubiquitin chains with lysine 48 linkages, sufficient for proteasomal degradation, whereas unphosphorylated ub-tau species retained only one–three ubiquitin moieties. Mass-spectrometric analysis of in vitro reconstituted phospho–ub-tau revealed seven additional ubiquitylation sites, some of which are known to stabilize tau protofilament stacking in the human brain with tauopathy. When the ubiquitylation reaction was prolonged, phospho–ub-tau transformed into insoluble hyperubiquitylated tau species featuring fibrillar morphology and in vitro seeding activity. We developed a small-molecule inhibitor of CHIP through biophysical screening; this effectively suppressed tau ubiquitylation in vitro and delayed its aggregation in cultured cells including primary cultured neurons. Our biochemical findings point to a “multiple-hit model,” where sequential events of tau phosphorylation and hyperubiquitylation function as a key driver of the fibrillization process, thus indicating that targeting tau ubiquitylation may be an effective strategy to alleviate the course of tauopathies.Multiple-hit model for tau aggregation, where sequential events of tau phosphorylation and hyperubiquitylation function as a key driver of the fibrillization process. 相似文献
18.
Chemistry related to three catalytic carbonylation reactions is discussed. Synthesis of diphenylurea from nitrobenzene, aniline,
and CO gives isolated yields above 98% at 100–120 °C and 15–60 bar of CO in the presence of a palladium (II) complex, PPh3 and NEt4Cl. Experimental evidence was provided to prove a new reaction stoichiometry and involvement of a carbamoyl intermediate.
In carbonylation of HCHO over ion exchange resin catalysts, reaction temperature, time, pressure, and solvent were important
variables to obtain high yields of methyl glycolate. Carbonylation of isobutylphenylethanol at 120°C and 40 bar of CO in the
presence of PdCl2−PPh3−HCl gives 98% yield of α-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid (ibuprofen). Each catalyst component had a definite role that
is indispensable for an efficient overall reaction. 相似文献
19.
The preparation of an 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene phosphorus ligand, 25,27-bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethoxy)-26,28-bis(1-propyloxy)calix[4]arene (3), is presented. Ligand 3 is obtained in three steps in 64% overall yield. Reaction of 3 with [Rh(cot)2]BF4 produced the encapsulated rhodium complex [Rh[(P,P)-diphen-calix[4]arene]]BF4 (4). As revealed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, the rhodium center has a bent coordination environment with a P-Rh-P angle of 135.66(3) degrees. Palladation of 3 employing [Pd(MeCN)4](BF4)2 yielded the chelate palladium complex 7 in which the palladium center has a slightly bent configuration. Treatment of the ligand with Pd(cod)Cl2 and [Pd(eta3-C4H7)(THF)2]BF4 leads to the isolation of the monometallic complex. Full characterization includes X-ray structural studies of compounds 3, 4, and 6. 相似文献
20.
Residual stress in the epoxy plate during a rapid cooling process was measured by the layer removal method and calculated by the linear thermoviscoelastic theory considering specific volume relaxation. The relaxations of the tensile modulus and specific volume were measured by an Instron thermomechanical analyzer. When the starting temperature of the cooling process was near the glass transition temperature of the cured epoxy, the residual stress in the epoxy plate was smaller than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. However, the transient stress in the cured epoxy plate was higher when the starting temperature was near the glass transition temperature than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. The quenched epoxy plate was compressed in the direction parallel to the surface and expanded in the thickness direction. 相似文献