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71.
Dimitri D.J. Rousseaux Xavier Drooghaag Pierre Godard Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(3):363-3521
Polypropylene ionic thermoplastic elastomers have been prepared by melt radical grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide followed by neutralization of the resulting elastomeric grafted polypropylene using sodium salts. Sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate were compared in aqueous solution, as anhydrous or hydrated powders. The neutralization reaction was followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, allowing the development of a method to determine the effective neutralization degree. Important physical changes were recorded upon neutralization. Especially thermal stability, shear storage modulus and complex viscosity in the flow region were largely increased as a function of the neutralization degree. 相似文献
72.
Ainara Imaz Jacqueline Forcada 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(7):2510-2524
Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) is well known for its thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solutions. PVCL combines useful and important properties; it is biocompatible polymer with the phase transition in the region of physiological temperature (32–38 °C). This combination of properties allows consideration of PVCL as a material for design biomedical devices and use in drug delivery systems. In this work, PVCL based temperature‐sensitive crosslinked particles (microgels) were synthesized in a batch reactor to analyze the effect of the crosslinker, initiator, surfactant, temperature, and VCL concentration on polymerization process and final microgels characteristics. The mean particle diameters at different temperatures and the volume phase‐transition temperature of the final product were analyzed. To obtain information about the inner structure of microgel particles, semicontinuous polymerizations were carried out and the evolution of the hydrodynamic average particle diameters at different temperatures of the microgel synthesized was investigated. In the case of microgel particles obtained in a batch reactor the size and the swelling‐de‐swelling behavior as a function of the temperature of the medium can be tuned by modulating the reaction variables. When the microgel particles were synthesized in a semibatch reactor different swelling‐de‐swelling behaviors were observed depending on particles inner structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2510–2524, 2008 相似文献
73.
The dinitrotoluenes (DNT) are some widely used compounds despite the first general impression one might have. They are the intermediates of several economically important industrial reactions such as the continuous nitration process of trinitrotoluene (TNT).3,4 As we were interested in the spectral characteristics of the various isomers of DNT5, we realized that the 3,5 isomer was not u-sually obtained during the nitration process of toluene6, thus making its availability quite restricted. It appeared relevant to find a useful and practical way to synthesize that particular isomer as it could also lead to the formation of new polyurethanes7, many polymerization processes uses DNT (mainly the 2,4 isomer because of its availability and its low price). 相似文献
74.
Sbastien Gibanel Valrie Heroguez Jacqueline Forcada 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(16):2819-2827
New diblock macromonomers were used as reactive emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The nature of the reactive group, the molecular weight, the length of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block, and the molecular structure of the macromonomer were systematically investigated during this process by analyzing the evolution of the conversion and particle diameters. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2819–2827, 2002 相似文献
75.
Jacqueline Jiménez Mildred López Vladimir Carranza Angel Mendoza Jenaro Varela Estibaliz Sansinenea Aurelio Ortiz 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(3):235-239
An alternative methodology for the synthesis of chiral 3-(p-tolyl) butanoic acids is presented. This was accomplished through the diastereoselective hydrogenation reaction of different chiral N-3-(p-tolyl) but-2-enamides, using Pd/C in EtOH, to produce the corresponding chiral N-3-(p-tolyl) butanamides with high chemical yields and moderate diastereomeric ratios. Removal of the chiral auxiliary from N-3-(p-tolyl) butanamides gave the respective enantiomerically pure acids. 相似文献
76.
Thomas L. Theis Bhavik R. Bakshi Delcie Durham Vasilis M. Fthenakis Timothy G. Gutowski Jacqueline A. Isaacs Thomas Seager Mark R. Wiesner 《固体物理学:研究快报》2011,5(9):312-317
While significant advances in our understanding of the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment continue, there remains a need to engage the nanoparticle research community directly in the development and evaluation of environmentally benign nanoparticles to ensure that nanomaterial‐based industries emerge as tools for sustainability rather than environmental liabilities. Current research efforts aimed at understanding the environmental implications of nanotechnology emphasize existing groups of nanoparticles and products already in commercial distribution. While this is clearly necessary, this approach fails to identify and address the many tradeoffs associated with product performance and environmental quality. We believe this to be a critical gap in the ongoing exploration of nanostructured materials and their properties and applications. We posit that a number of issues are not being holistically addressed, including resource availability and allocation, manufacturing energy requirements and embodied energy, material efficiency, environmental properties of nanomaterials and nanoproducts, and waste generation. An interdisciplinary approach to research, based on the life cycle paradigm and devoted to the identification, investigation, synthesis, testing, and analysis of groups of new, more environmentally conscious nanoparticles is needed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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