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61.
Kinetics of oxidation of 1-phenylsemicarbazide (PSC) by peroxydisulphate ion (PDS) have been carried out where by the pseudo first order condition was verified at large excess of PDS concentration. The rate of the reaction was followed spectrophotometrically, The stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 where 1-phenylazoformamide is the oxidation product. The effect of acidity on the rate of oxidation was investigated for different temperatures. The parameters of activation ΔG*, ΔH* and ΔS* were computed for both hydrogen ion depedent and hydrogen ion independent reaction pathes. A free radical mechanism was proposed. 相似文献
62.
Javier Garcia‐Barriocanal Dr. Alberto Rivera‐Calzada Dr. Maria Varela Dr. Zouhair Sefrioui Prof. Mario R. Díaz‐Guillén Karla J. Moreno Dr. José A. Díaz‐Guillén Enrique Iborra Prof. Antonio F. Fuentes Dr. Stephen J. Pennycook Dr. Carlos Leon Prof. Jacobo Santamaria Prof. 《Chemphyschem》2009,10(7):1003-1011
Towards cooler solid oxide fuel cells: Disorder and dimensionality (see picture) play an important role in determining ion mobility of bulk and artificially nanolayered materials and should be considered in the design of new electrolytes with enhanced conductivity.
63.
Jacobo Pejsachowicz 《Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications》2007,2(1):97-116
We introduce a notion of orientation of a Fredholm map on a given compact subset of its domain and show that various approaches
to orientation have as outcome the same class of orientable maps. 相似文献
64.
We develop a degree theory forC
1 Fredholm mappings of index 0 between Banach spaces and Banach manifolds. As in earlier work devoted to theC
2 case, our approach is based upon the concept of parity of a curve of linear Fredholm operators of index 0. This avoids considerations
about Fredholm structures involved in other approaches and leads to a theory as complete as that of Leray-Schauder in a much
broader setting. In particular, the well-known possible sign change under homotopy is fully elucidated. The technical difficulty
arising withC
1 versusC
2 Fredholm mappings of index 0 is notorious: with onlyC
1 smoothness, the Sard-Smale theorem is no longer available to handle crucial issues involving homotopy. In this work, this
difficulty is overcome by using a new approximation theorem forC
1 Fredholm mappings of arbitrary index instead of the Sard—Smale theorem when dealing with homotopies. 相似文献
65.
The Raman and IR. spectra of solid diamminediiodidezinc (II) with 15N and 2H isotopic substitution have been measured. The spectra have been interpreted assuming C2v symmetry for the Zn(NH3)2I2 complex structure. The skeletal stretching metal-ligand modes vs(ZnN), vas(ZnN), vs(ZnI), vas(ZnI) as well as the three bending modes δ(NZnN), δ(IZnI) and δ(IZnN) were assigned by comparison with the spectra of Zn(NH3)2C12 and Zn(NH3)2Br2, and by the observed isotopic shifts of the frequencies. A normal coordinate analysis for the whole complex was carried out using the Local Symmetry Force Field Model. 相似文献
66.
Jacobo Otero-Romaní Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro Pilar Bermejo-Barrera Antonio Martin-Esteban 《Microchemical Journal》2009,(2):225-231
A new ionic imprinted polymer (IIP) for Ni(II) recognition/pre-concentration was prepared via precipitation polymerization using 2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEM) and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent in the presence of nickel(II) and 5-vynil-8-hydroxyquinoline (5-VHQ) as a bi-functionalized ligand. An important increase on the selectivity of the synthesised IIP for nickel(II) ions was obtained when comparing to the use of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as a ligand. The synthesised IIP was used as a new support for solid phase extraction (SPE) of nickel(II) from seawater before inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) detection. Variables affecting the SPE process, such as pH, load and elution flow rates, and concentration and volume of the eluting solution, were fully evaluated. The optimised procedure consists of a sample loading (100 mL of seawater at a pH of 9.0 ± 0.1) through IIP-SPE cartridges containing 300 mg of the synthesised IIP at a flow rate of 3.0 mL min− 1. Elution was performed by passing 2.5 mL of 2.0 M nitric acid at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min− 1, which gave a pre-concentration factor of 40. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.26 µg L− 1, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) for eleven replicated measurements was 3%. Accuracy of the method was assessed by analyzing SLEW-3 (estuarine water) and TM-23.3 (lake water) certified reference materials. In addition to the selectivity of the synthesised material for nickel(II) ions against other transition metal ions and major alkaline and alkaline-earth metals (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) in seawater, it can be stated that the salt matrix is efficiently removed by using the proposed IIP-SPE procedure. 相似文献
67.
Chaotic scattering in open Hamiltonian systems under weak dissipation is not only of fundamental interest but also important for problems of current concern such as the advection and transport of inertial particles in fluid flows. Previous work using discrete maps demonstrated that nonhyperbolic chaotic scattering is structurally unstable in the sense that the algebraic decay of scattering particles immediately becomes exponential in the presence of weak dissipation. Here we extend the result to continuous-time Hamiltonian systems by using the Henon-Heiles system as a prototype model. More importantly, we go beyond to investigate the basin structure of scattering dynamics. A surprising finding is that, in the common case where multiple destinations exist for scattering trajectories, Wada basin boundaries are common and they appear to be structurally stable under weak dissipation, even when other characteristics of the nonhyperbolic scattering dynamics are not. We provide numerical evidence and a geometric theory for the structural stability of the complex basin topology. 相似文献
68.
Xiaogang Zeng Jacobo Bielak Richard C. Maccamy 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》1992,8(5):451-467
This article concerns the development of energy-based variational formulations and their corresponding finite element–boundary element Rayleigh–Ritz approximations for solving the time-harmonic vibration and scattering problem of an inhomogeneous penetrable fluid or solid object immersed in a compressible, inviscid, homogeneous fluid. The resulting coupled finite element and boundary integral methods (FEM-BEM) have the following attractive features: (1) Separate direct and complementary variational principles lead naturally to several alternative structure variable and fluid variable methodologies. (2) The solution in the exterior region is represented by a combined single- and double-layer potential which ensures the validity of the methods for all wave numbers; even though this representation introduces hypersingular integrals, for actual computations the hypersingular operator may be rewritten in terms of single-layer potentials, which can be integrated by standard techniques. (3) Since the discretized equations for the interior region and for the boundary are derived from the first variation of bilinear functionals the resulting algebraic systems of equations are always symmetric. In addition, the transition conditions across the interface are natural. This allows one to approximate the solutions within the interior and exterior regions independently, without imposing any boundary constraints. 相似文献
69.
70.
Jacobo Gómez-Lara Vladimir A. Basiuk Elena V. Basiuk Simón Hernández-Ortega 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1999,29(4):469-473
A 1:2:2 complex of diaza crown ether 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, anthraflavic acid (2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and water has been synthesized. The crystal is triclinic, P1, with a = 7.705(2), b = 10.871(2), c = 11.540(2) Å, = 100.40(2), = 91.38(2), = 98.01(2)°, Z = 1, and Dcalc = 1.375 mg m–3. The main feature of the crystal structure is the formation of a supramolecular sheet by hydrogen bonding of the anthraflavic monoanions, not only head-to-tail through the hydroxyl oxygens, but sideways through the quinone oxygens. This complex represents an intermediate case between total transfer of protons of a hydroxy-guest to crown N-atoms, and no transfer. 相似文献