A review of considerations for high-fidelity imaging of laboratory spectroscopic sources—Part I

The use of mirrors, lenses, and combinations of optical elements for spatially resolving radiation from laboratory spectroscopic sources is discussed w     

On the use of a rheogoniometer

Summary Further consideration is given to the usefulness of theWeissenberg Rheogoniometer in the characterization of elastico-viscous liquids. The theory for free and forced oscillation experiments in the parallel-plate system is developed. The advantages of the parallel-plate geometry in the case of forced oscillation experiments is stressed, and the limited value offree oscillation experiments is indicated.

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Zusammenfassung Die Brauchbarkeit des Weissenberg'schen Rheogoniometers bei der Charakterisierung viskoelastischer Flüssigkeiten wird einer weiteren Erörterung unterzogen. Es wird die Theorie für Versuche mit freien und erzwungenen Schwingungen im Parallelplattensystem entwickelt. Die Vorteile der Parallelplattengeometrie im Falle von Versuchen mit erzwungenen Schwingungen werden betont, auf den beschränkten Wert von Versuchen mit freien Schwingungen wird hingewiesen.

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Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the German Rheologists, Bad Ems, May 18–19, 1967.     

Differential cross sections for elastic scattering and positronium formation for positron collisions with Ne,Ar, Kr and Xe

Differential cross sections for elastic scattering and Ps(1s) formation are calculated in the truncated coupled-static (TCS) approximation. Comparison is made with the elastic scattering measurements of Dou et al. on Ar and Kr. There is no support from the TCS approximation for the view that structure seen in the experimental results for Ar in the energy range 55–60 eV may be due to a resonance associated with coupling to the positronium formation channel. Rather, we believe that Dou et al. are right in correlating this feature with the maximum in the ionization cross section. In the experiment on Kr structures are observed at 25 and 200 eV. It is tentatively suggested that the structure at 200 eV may be the resonance seen in the TCS calculation at 100 eV, but modified by polarization and absorption effects. It is also suggested that the feature at 25 eV could be associated with coupling to excited states of positronium. The TCS results for the Xe target predict some very pronounced behaviour which would be worth experimental investigation. TCS differential cross sections for Ps(1s) formation by capture of an electron from the outer p-shell of the atom are presented for impact energies up to 75 eV. A noticeable property of these cross sections is that they do not usually peak at the forward direction; this is consistent with an experimental observation by Laricchia et al. on He and Ar targets. The importance of also looking at electron capture from inner shells is emphasized and illustrated by the cross section for electron capture from the 3s shell of Ar.     

Rotational bands in the proton emitter (141)Ho

Rotational bands feeding the ground state and the isomeric state in the proton emitter (141)Ho were observed using the recoil-decay tagging method. This constitutes direct evidence that (141)Ho is deformed. A quadrupole deformation of beta(2) = 0.25(4) was deduced for the ground state from the extracted dynamic moment of inertia. Based on observed band crossings and signature splittings the 7/2(-)[523] and 1/2(+)[411] configurations were proposed for the ground state and the isomeric state, respectively. Comparison with particle-rotor calculations for beta(2) = 0.25 indicates, however, that (141)Ho may have significant hexadecapole deformation and could be triaxial in the 7/2(-)[523] ground state.     

Rotational Spectrum of CBr by Kinetic Microwave Spectroscopy of 193-nm Photolysis Products of Bromoform

We have measured the first millimeter-wave spectrum of CBr. The radical was produced by pulsed UV-laser photolysis of bromoform at 193 nm and detected using kinetic spectroscopy. We have significantly improved the rotational and fine structure constants for the ground vibrational state. The hyperfine structure due to the bromine nucleus has been resolved and quadrupole and magnetic hyperfine parameters evaluated for the first time. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

Instability of pump turbine with S-shaped curve is characterized by large fluctuations of rotational speed during the transient processes.For investigating this phenomenon,a numerical model based on the dynamic sliding mesh method(DSSM)is presented and used to numerically solve the 3D transient flow which is characterized by the variable rotation speed of runner.The method is validated by comparison with measured data for a load rejection process in a prototype pump turbine.The results show that the calculated rotation speed agrees well with the experimental data.Based on the validated model,simulations were performed for the runaway process using an artificially assumed operating condition under which the unstable rotation speed is expected to appear.The results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed can be effectively captured with the proposed method.Presented results include the time history profiles of unit flow rate and unit rotating speed.The internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period are discussed in detail and the mechanism of the unstable hydraulic phenomenon is explained.Overall,the results suggest that the method presented here can be a viable alternative to predict the dynamic characteristics of pump turbines during transient processes.     

Many Overlapping Peptides for Protein Hydrogen Exchange Experiments by the Fragment Separation-Mass Spectrometry Method

Measurement of the naturally occurring hydrogen exchange (HX) behavior of proteins can in principle provide highly resolved thermodynamic and kinetic information on protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. The HX fragment separation-mass spectrometry method (HX-MS) is able to measure hydrogen exchange in biologically important protein systems that are not accessible to NMR methods. In order to achieve high structural resolution in HX-MS experiments, it will be necessary to obtain many sequentially overlapping peptide fragments and be able to identify and analyze them efficiently and accurately by mass spectrometry. This paper describes operations which, when applied to four different proteins ranging in size from 140 to 908 residues, routinely provides hundreds of useful unique peptides, covering the entire protein length many times over. Coverage in terms of the average number of peptide fragments that span each amino acid exceeds 10. The ability to achieve these results required the integrated application of experimental methods that are described here and a computer analysis program, called ExMS, described in a following paper.