金银合金纳米粒子表面处理及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用水合肼还原的方法制备了金银比例为1∶1的金银合金纳米粒子, 紫外可见吸收光谱显示合成的溶胶只有一个介于金和银之间的吸收峰, 证明了合金结构的形成. 通过氨基耦联方法将合金纳米粒子组装到硅片表面, 利用氯金酸与合金中银的反应对基底上合金纳米粒子表面进行了改性处理. 以吡啶为探针分子, 研究了表面处理前后基底的SERS效应的差别, 结果表明随着浸泡时间延长, 信号强度先逐渐增强后降低至不变, 这与合金纳米粒子表面结构的变化有关, 氯金酸与表面银的反应经历了两个过程, 即粒子表面形成小的孔洞(去合金过程)和AgCl(s)在粒子表面的沉积, 前者有利于SERS效应的提高, 而后者导致SERS效应快速衰减.     

修饰碳纤维电极为工作电极-溶出伏安法测定银离子

文中详述了碳纤维电极(CFE)的制备及处理方法,用电化学聚合法将噻吩单体聚合并修饰在CFE上.应用此修饰电极于测定银时,将试液在0.1 mol·L-1HNO3中在-0.5 V处预还原120 s,使Ag+离子与聚噻吩生成络合物,然后在0～0.6 V范围内扫描,使Ag+从上述络合物中从电极上溶出,实现了银离子的阴极溶出伏安测定,在0.24 V处可得银离子的氧化峰电位,其峰电流值与银离子浓度在5.0 × 10-7～1.0×10-3 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-8mol·L-1.     

CeOHCO3和CeO2束状纳米结构的制备及表征

The cantaloupe-like particles of CeOHCO₃ were synthesized in aqueous solution by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as soft template. Then, the bunchiness rods of CeO₂ were obtained by calcining CeOHCO₃ at 450 ℃. The results of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis reveal that an endothermic reaction with decomposition is involved in the transformation process from CeOHCO₃ to CeO₂. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that the orthorhombic phase CeOHCO₃ particles are constituted of short nanorods with diameters ranging from several tens nm to over 100 nm, and the cubic phase CeO₂ rods are composed of small particles with diameter ca. 15 nm. From the results of UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence analysis, it is found that the CeO₂ possess abundant defects, and the band gaps of the CeO₂ and CeOHCO₃ are ca. 2.70 eV and 3.87 eV, respectively.     

半夹心结构有机金属铱和铑化合物[Cp*M(TmMe)]Cl(M=Ir，Rh；TmMe=三(2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑)硼酸根)的合成与表征

三齿配体三(2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑)硼酸盐[TmMe]K与含有半夹心结构金属铱和铑化合物[Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)Cl]2和[Cp*Rh(μ-Cl)Cl]2反应形成具有18电子结构的配合物[Cp*Ir(TmMe)]Cl(1)和[Cp*Rh(TmMe)]Cl(2).所有的化合物都经过IR,NMR和EA表征,并通过X-射线衍射单晶结构分析测定了配合物2的分子结构.     

Periodic solutions of Wick-type stochastic Korteweg–de Vries equations

Nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. Finding exact solutions of the Wick-type stochastic equation will be helpful in the theories and numerical studies of such equations. In this paper, Kudrayshov method together with Hermite transform is implemented to obtain exact solutions of Wick-type stochastic Korteweg–de Vries equation. Further, graphical illustrations in two- and three-dimensional plots of the obtained solutions depending on time and space are also given with white noise functionals.     

AgNbO3/石墨烯复合材料的合成及其可见光催化甲基橙降解活性

采用固相法合成AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品的形貌及光学性质进行了表征。研究发现,AgNbO₃与石墨烯复合后,带隙能明显降低,吸收光波长范围增大。以甲基橙溶液的降解为光催化模型反应评价了AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料的可见光催化性能。结果表明:与纯AgNbO₃相比,AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料对甲基橙的可见光催化性能明显增强。实验条件下,经300 ℃煅烧的AgNbO₃/石墨烯(2:1)复合纳米材料表现出最优的催化性能,它对甲基橙的可见光催化脱色速率系数约为纯AgNbO₃的10倍。光催化降解机理研究表明,促使甲基橙降解脱色的主要活性物种为·O₂^- 和 h⁺。     

不同发光染料的顶发射有机电致发光器件的研制

通过设计合理的微腔结构,制备了基于绿光染料C545t、黄光染料Rubrene、红光染料DCJTB的3种顶发射有机电致发光器件。研究了不同发光染料对顶发射器件的光谱的影响。研究表明,微腔结构对光谱具有窄化作用。绿光、黄光器件的发光峰波长并未随视角增大而明显变化,体现出良好的光谱角度性,而红光器件却出现了明显的光谱蓝移现象。绿光器件的最大功率效率为8.7 lm/W,当电流密度为45 m A/cm2时,亮度能达到7 205 cd/m2;黄光器件的电流效率最大值为11.5 cd/A,当电流密度为48 m A/cm2时,亮度可达到3 770 cd/m2;红光器件的电流效率最大能达到3.54 cd/A,当电流密度为50 m A/cm2时,可获得1 358 cd/m2的亮度。采用合适的发光材料以及合适的器件结构,不仅可以提高顶发射器件的色纯度及发光效率,还可以改善器件发光光谱的角度依赖性。     

On the properties of a primitive semiclassical surface hopping propagator for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics

A previously developed nonadiabatic semiclassical surface hopping propagator [M. F. Herman J. Chem. Phys. 103, 8081 (1995)] is further studied. The propagator has been shown to satisfy the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) through order h, and the O(h2) terms are treated as small errors, consistent with standard semiclassical analysis. Energy is conserved at each hopping point and the change in momentum accompanying each hop is parallel to the direction of the nonadiabatic coupling vector resulting in both transmission and reflection types of hops. Quantum mechanical analysis and numerical calculations presented in this paper show that the h2 terms involving the interstate coupling functions have significant effects on the quantum transition probabilities. Motivated by these data, the h2 terms are analyzed for the nonadiabatic semiclassical propagator. It is shown that the propagator can satisfy the TDSE for multidimensional systems by including another type of nonclassical trajectories that reflect on the same surfaces. This h2 analysis gives three conditions for these three types of trajectories so that their coefficients are uniquely determined. Besides the nonadiabatic semiclassical propagator, a numerically useful quantum propagator in the adiabatic representation is developed to describe nonadiabatic transitions.     

同时考虑响应和毒性的Ⅱ期临床试验设计(英文)

肿瘤学研究常通过Ⅱ期临床试验设计来初步评价一个新的治疗方案的疗效,目前流行的方法是Simon的两阶段试验设计。不过他只关注反应率,即对肿瘤有抑制作用的病人比率。而在实际临床中,人们既想控制肿瘤的生长,也不希望毒性的副作用大。Conaway和Petroni基于治疗方案的疗效和安全性,提出一种Ⅱ期临床试验设计方法,对响应与毒性给以相同的权重。本文提出新的想法来处理安全性与疗效之间的平衡关系,主要思想是分开控制反应率和毒性的第一类错误。在Ⅱ期临床试验阶段,由于样本量较小的缘故不大可能同时控制反应率和毒性的第一类错误,我们可以根据实际临床需要将这两个第一类错误分别确定在不同的显著性水平。比如,如果我们更关注治疗方案的毒性多过疗效,可以将毒性的第一类错误定在较低的水平(如5%),而将反应率的第一类错误定在较高的水平(如10%或15%)。基于上面的思想,本文给出了寻找停止域和拒绝域的准则和样本量大小的确定公式。我们的方法较其它设计方案更稳健,而且能准确地控制感兴趣的参数(反应率或毒性)的第一类错误。另外,本文思想在概念上很直观,易于临床操作,尤其符合Ⅱ期临床试验设计小样本量的要求。     

多介质体散射的共轭梯度解法

讨论多个介质体的电磁散射体积分方程的共轭梯度迭代求解方法,给出了介质板上方具有介质目标时的电磁散射的数值结果。