试谈新课标下的初中化学命题策略

按照新课程的评价理念,通过命题实例,以命题涉及的范围为视角,探索了初中化学“紧扣基础,灵活多变;重视过程,考查方法;渗透人文,强化教育;源于生活,注重联系;模仿探究,体验活动;开放创新,张扬个性;运用史料,验证假设;提供事实,分析综合”的8项命题策略。     

水杨酰腙与磷酰二氯的缩合反应

一些水杨酸的衍生物具有生物活性早有报道.本文研究水杨酰腙与硫代磷酰二氯或磷酰二氯缩合时可能发生的不同关环方式,并通过对反应产物的生物活性测定寻找有效的杀菌剂. 我们发现,在三乙胺存在下水杨酰腙1与硫代磷酰二氯2在四氢呋喃中反应主要以酮式关环生成3类化合物,而与磷酰二氯反应则主要以烯醇式关环生成4类化合物.     

DETERMINATION OF BRANCHING DISTRIBUTION IN HIGH cis-1,4-POLYBUTADIENE BY GPC AND AUTOMATIC VISCOMETRY

Based on the methods reported by Ambler and Kraus, a method has been developed for the determination of long-chain branching distribution in polymers by the combined use of GPC and intrinsic viscosity data of polymer fractions. In this method, g_i, λ_i, G_i, m_i, the weight percentage of polymer that is branched, etc. can be used simultaneously to characterize the distribution, degree and content of branching in polymers. Some relations between molecular weight polydispersity and branching polydispersity in Nickel-based high cis-1,4-polybutadiene samples are discussed. It was found that the number of long branches λ. per unit molecular weight is a function of molecular weight and all of the samples are highly branched at a molecular weight of about 10~6.     

HIGH PRECISION AUTOMATIC CAPILLARY VISCOMETER

An automatic capillary viscometer with optical fibres as cold light source and a thermostat in which the temperature can be regulated within ±5×10~(-4)℃have been developed for the determination of flow time with an accuracy of ±4×10~(-3) sec. The basic principle, construction, specifications as well as the main features of this instrument are described.     

O-甲基己内酰亚胺和N-甲基己内酰胺的波谱分析

1948年Benson等将己内酰胺(1)和硫酸二甲酯在不同条件下反应,得到两个异构的甲基化产物.他们根据产物的反应性能指定一个产物为O-甲基己内酰亚胺(2),另一个产物为N-甲基已内酰胺(3).作者应用~1H NMR进一步证实了Benson等所推断的这两个化合物的结构.2和3的波谱数据只见过零星报道,且未作对比解析.本文除了探讨1和硫酸二甲酯的摩尔配比是否是反应生成2或3的主要因素外,还测定了2和3的紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱及质谱.     

THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF THE POOR FIBRIN SPECIFICITY OF UROKINASE(Ⅰ)——KNOWLEDGE-BASED PREDICTION OF KRINGLE STRUCTURES OF UROKINASE AND ITS RELATED PROTEINS

The Kringle-1 structure of plasminogen (PGK-1), the Kringle-2 structure of tissue plasminogen activator (PAK-2) and the Kringle structure of prourokinase (UKK) has been modeled on the basis of the three-dimensional structure of Kringle-1 of prothrombin (PTK-1) at 2.8 resolution. The predicted three-dimensional structure of these Kringles shows that the binding site of PGK-1 is characterized by an apparent dipolar site, the polar parts of which are separated by a hydrophobic region. PAK-2 possesses the anionic center but has not a cationic binding center which might be provided by a guanidinium group from Arg-69 located adjacent to the Arg-71 position. UKK possesses neither the anionic binding center nor the cationic center which are probably the main reason for the poor fibrin specificity of urokinase.     

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM THE POLLEN OF TYPHA ANGUSTIFILIA L

Three polysaccharides TAA, TAB and TAC were purified from the pollen of Typha An-gustifilia L..TAA is mainly composed of α-L-arabinofuranose, β-D-galactose and α-D-galac-turonic acid.TAB and TAC contain the backbone mainly composed of (1→5)-linked-L-arabi-nosyl residue.     

新型Zhuo酚酮类糖苷化合物的合成

根据Zhuo酮的结构特点，对Zhuo酚酮类化合物与半乳糖的Kenigs-Knorr反应进 行了研究。探索出一种具有较高立体选择性的合成方法，从而制得四种具有β－构 型的单一端基异构体的Zhuo酚酮半乳糖苷新化合物。生成的新化合物不但保持了原 有的生理活性，而且降低了毒性、提高了药效，为人工合成Zhuo酚酮类增添新化合 物的同时，也扩展了此类化合物的应用领域。应用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱 表征了它们的结构。     

紧致Riemann对称空间的全测地子流形及其稳定性

决定了紧致Riemann对称空间的一大批全测地子流形,并确定了它们在其包围空间中的稳定性.     

富勒烯C_(60)及其电荷转移配合物的吸光、发光特性研究

对Ｃ６０克量级合成与制备获得成功以来的近七、八年间有关溶液中Ｃ６０及其电荷转移配合物（ＣＴＣ）吸光、发光特性研究做了详尽综述。化学特性的改善展示了Ｃ６０及其ＣＴＣ作为新型材料的潜在应用前景。