能动抛光磨盘的变形实验研究

 能动抛光磨盘实时产生不同的表面变形，在对大口径非球面光学元件进行精磨和抛光时实现与工件表面良好的大尺寸吻合，可以消除传统光学加工采用小尺寸磨头时带来的高频残余误差并提高加工效率。以加工直径1.3m左右，F/2的抛物面光学元件为例，对能动磨盘在不同离轴度时能够产生的变形进行了计算和实验。结果表明，能动磨盘能够以较高精度产生旋转对称或非对称的抛物面形状。对能动磨盘产生变形后的残余误差进行了分析。     

偏序集上的滤子极大理想

在偏序集上引入并考察了滤子极大理想的概念,证明了相应的存在性定理。引入并考察了伪极大元和伪既约元的概念,利用图表的形式对连续格中各种类型的既约元和素元之间的关系进行了归纳总结,完善了文献《Continuous Lattices and Domains》(作者:G.Gierz,et al)中的一个图表的相关内容,填补了在分配的连续格情形该图表的一个未知内容,部分地回答了该文献中的一个问题。     

Interfacial Adhesion between Fatty Acid Collectors and Hydrophilic Surfaces: Implications for Low-Rank Coal Flotation

Fatty acids, which are enriched in vegetable oil, have attracted much attention in low-rank coal flotation because of their unique chemical structure. In this study, density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the adsorption structure and forces between collectors and hydrophilic surfaces. The results show that fatty acids can be easily adsorbed onto surfaces through hydrogen bonds, and can cover the oxygen sites. The existence of hydration film on hydrophilic surfaces prevented nonpolar molecules from being able to adsorb, while polar fatty acids could adsorb and expel water molecules. The adhesion force between the RCOOH-terminated probe and the surface appeared in the retraction process, which differed significantly from that of the RCH₃-terminated probe, indicating that polar fatty acids are more suitable as flotation collectors for low-rank coal than nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The simulation and AFM test revealed the mechanisms of polar fatty acids, and can provide guidance for low-rank coal flotation applications.     

Te溶剂Bridgman法CdMnTe晶体核辐射探测器的制备和表征

碲锰镉(CdMnTe)作为性能优异的室温核辐射探测器材料,可用于环境监测和工业无损检测领域。本文中采用Te溶剂Bridgman法生长In掺杂Cd_0.9Mn_0.1Te晶体,制备成10 mm×10 mm×2 mm大小的室温单平面探测器,研究了该探测器对²⁴¹Am@59.5 keV γ射线源的能谱响应。通过表征红外透过率、电阻率以及探测器能谱响应等参数,综合评定了探测器用CdMnTe晶体的质量、电学和探测器性能。结果表明,晶片的红外透过率均在55%以上,最好可达到60%。采用湿法钝化,100 V偏压下的漏电流由钝化前的9.48 nA降为钝化后的7.90 nA,钝化后的电阻率为2.832×10¹⁰ Ω·cm。在-400 V反向偏压下,CdMnTe探测器对²⁴¹Am@59.5 keV γ射线源的能量分辨率在钝化前后分别为13.53%和12.51%,钝化后的电子迁移率寿命积为1.049×10^-3 cm²/V。研究了探测器的能量分辨率随电压的变化特性,当偏压≤400 V时,探测器的能量分辨率主要由载流子的收集效率决定,而当偏压>400 V时,能量分辨率由漏电流决定。本文研究结果表明,Te溶剂Bridgman法生长的CdMnTe晶体质量较好,电阻率和电子迁移率寿命积满足探测器制备需求。     

手性大孔磷酸镓Hit-5的水热合成与晶体结构

本文采用水热合成法制备了一个三维手性大孔开放骨架磷酸镓Ga16P16O75·4[1,6-C6H18N2]·[C2H10N2]·2H2O(简称Hit-5).反应起始原料摩尔配比为:1 GaOOH:15 H3PO4:7.5 H2N(CH2)6NH2:0.5 C2H8N2:555 H2O.Hit-5属正交晶系,P21212空间群,晶胞参数:a=0.8671(1)nm,b=1.7945(1)nm,c=0.9101(1)nm,β=108.33(1)°,V=1.3443(2)nm3,Z=4.Hit-5的骨架是由Ga3P3六聚体和Ga4P4八聚体两个不同的二级结构单元通过共顶点联接构成三维纳米孔结构,在[001]方向呈现16-元环孔道.     

3英寸6H-SiC单晶的生长

SiC是宽带隙半导体材料的典型代表,具有优良的热学、力学、化学和电学性质,不但可以用作基于GaN的蓝色发光二极管的衬底材料,同时又是制作高温、高频、大功率电子器件的最佳材料之一,因此高质量、大直径SiC单晶的生长一直是材料研究领域的热点课题。目前美国的Cree公司在SiC单晶生长领域研发方面起步早、投入大,SiC单晶的直径达到4英寸,处于领先地位。我国在“十五”期间投入了一定的人力、物力进行了SiC单晶生长的研究,在生长2英寸SiC单晶的工作中取得了一定的成绩[1],但更大直径的SiC单晶生长技术进展缓慢,至今未见国内报道。而对…     

硫属铅化合物PbE(E=Te,Se)微晶的元素溶剂热反应合成与表征

以元素单质Pb片,Te粉,Se粉为原料,乙二胺为螯合剂,采用元素溶剂热反应合成出不同形貌的PbE(E=Te,Se)微晶.对所得反应物进行了X射线衍射分析,透射电镜(TEM)与扫描电镜(SEM)的分析,光致荧光光谱的表征.分析了反应条件对合成PbE(E=Te,Se)微晶的影响,讨论了其反应过程及机理.结果表明当反应温度为180℃时,反应12h可获得高度结晶的树枝状PbTe微晶以及立方状PbSe微晶.     

6H-SiC衬底片的表面处理

相比于蓝宝石,6H-SiC是制作GaN高功率器件更有前途的衬底.本文研究了表面处理如研磨、化学机械抛光对6H-SiC衬底表面特性的影响.用显微镜、原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱、卢瑟福背散射谱表征了衬底表面.结果表明经过两步化学机械抛光后提高了表面质量.经第二步化学机械抛光后的衬底具有优异的表面形貌、高透射率和极小的损伤层,其表面粗糙度RMS是0.12nm.在该衬底上用MOCVD方法长出了高质量的GaN外延膜.     

Adversarial Data Hiding in Digital Images

In recent studies of generative adversarial networks (GAN), researchers have attempted to combine adversarial perturbation with data hiding in order to protect the privacy and authenticity of the host image simultaneously. However, most of the studied approaches can only achieve adversarial perturbation through a visible watermark; the quality of the host image is low, and the concealment of data hiding cannot be achieved. In this work, we propose a true data hiding method with adversarial effect for generating high-quality covers. Based on GAN, the data hiding area is selected precisely by limiting the modification strength in order to preserve the fidelity of the image. We devise a genetic algorithm that can explore decision boundaries in an artificially constrained search space to improve the attack effect as well as construct aggressive covert adversarial samples by detecting “sensitive pixels” in ordinary samples to place discontinuous perturbations. The results reveal that the stego-image has good visual quality and attack effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use covert data hiding to generate adversarial samples based on GAN.     

Evaluation of Water Ammonium Ion Test Kit and Its Feasibility for the Analysis of Protein in Food

The traditional method for the determination of protein in food needs the operations of digestion, distillation, absorption, and titration; therefore, it is complicated and time-consuming and requires professional personnel. Is there a more convenient and faster detection method that can directly determine the ammonium ions in protein digestion solution to obtain the protein content of food and avoid the distillation–absorption–titration process? The feasibility of water ammonium ion test kits for food protein rapid detection was discussed here. After digestion, the protein in food transforms into ammonium ions in the digestion solution. Because of the variety of food, there are many different inorganic ions left in the food digestion solution, and at the same time, digestion agents are added in the digestion process and become potential interference factors in ammonium determination. Therefore, the detection accuracy of ammonium test kits needs to be evaluated first, including their anti-interference ability. The standard curve of ammonium was established by the test kit. When the ammonium concentration was 0.00–2.50 mg/L, the absorbance at 620 nm was linearly related to the ammonium concentration, the determination coefficient R² was 0.9995, and the detection limit of this method was 0.01 mg/L. The influences of temperature, pH value, and reaction time on the test kit method were discussed. The precision was 0.90–3.33%; the repeatability was 1.71–4.86%; and the recovery rate of tap water, river water, and sea water was controlled within 90–103%. The anti-interference ability of the evaluated test kit was better than that of the national standard detection method. The test kit, combined with sample pretreatment and protein conversion formula, was used to detect protein in different types of food (milk powder, rice flour, wheat flour, soy, banana, milk, fish food, chicken food, and dog food). The results showed that there were no significant differences (ρ > 0.05) between the national method and the test kit method. The ammonium ion test kit method shortened the determination time and had higher sensitivity, showing its potential for the rapid determination of food protein.