ICP-MS研究太湖表层沉积物对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸特性

前期研究发现太湖过滤水和表层沉积物中Zn含量最高,且表层沉积物中Cd存在强生态危害。因此,在优化实验条件下,以电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)为分析手段研究了太湖苏州湾大桥东表层沉积物(标记为SES)对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸特性。吸附动力学结果表明：SES对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附能力相差不大,在吸附时间t<120 min时,吸附是一个快速阶段,而当t≥120 min时则相反,吸附趋于动态平衡;Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附更符合伪二级动力学模型。吸附热力学实验表明,沉积物对Cd2+的吸附更符合Freundlich模型,而对Cd2+的吸附更符合Langmuir模型。沉积物中Cd2+和Zn2+的解吸动力学研究发现,二者均更符合Elovich方程,为非均相扩散过程。且当pH值增大时,沉积物中Cd2+和Zn2+的解吸量逐渐减小,并在pH=9时趋于稳定。结合Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸特性发现,SES对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附速率远远大于其解吸速率,与作者前期研究结果一致。揭示了太湖表层沉积物对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸作用机理及不同因素对吸附-解吸行为的影响。对研究太湖固-液两相界面重金属的分配和污染水体修复具有重要指导意义。     

300MeV质子同步加速器概念设计优化（英文）

目前处于设计阶段的哈尔滨工业大学空间辐照效应装置,其核心部件是由1台10 MeV的注入器、1台300MeV的同步加速器以及输运线构成的加速器装置。同步加速器中引出的质子束流被用于辐照研究。基于装置的概念设计,优化了其同步加速器部分的设计。设计了新的磁聚焦结构,优化了基于新的磁聚焦结构的多圈注入系统的凸轨变化模式,提高了注入效率。为了更好地优化引出束流的时间结构,慢引出系统采用了RF knock-out的方法。为了满足精准辐照的要求,研究了RF Kicker的频率调制,发现RF Kicker的双频调制能使得引出束流更均匀。A research complex for aerospace radiation effects research is in the designing stage in Harbin Institute of Technology. Its core part is a proton accelerator complex, which consists of a 10 MeV injector, a 300 MeV synchrotron and beam transport lines. The proton beam extracted from the synchrotron is utilized for the radiation effects research. Based on the conceptual design, the design study for optimizing the synchrotron has been done. A new lattice design was worked out, and the decreasing pattern of the bump of the multi-turn injection system was optimized to increase the injection efficiency. In order to improve the time structure of the extracted beam, a RF knock-out method is employed in the slow extraction system. To meet the requirement of accurate control of dose, the frequency modulation of the RF kicker is well investigated, and the dual frequency modulation has been found to have a better performance for a uniform spill.     

Novel Wronskian Solutions to Boussinesq Equation

The new method for constructing the Wronskian entries is applied to the Boussinesq equation. The novel Wronskian solutions to it are obtained, including solitons, rational solutions, Matveev solutions, and complexitons.     

数字图像频域相关分析法及其应用

提出了一种以灰度为载体的数字图像频域相关(DFC)计量的方法,通过傅里叶变换和滤波,直接提取物体位移信息。与传统的激光散斑法比较,无需干涉光源,可用白光照明,因此对实验环境的要求很低;与数字图像相关法比较,计算速度更快,对照明要求更低,不受刚体转动影响。新方法不仅设备简单、容易实现,还具有灵敏度可调,测量过程无需人工干预的良好特征,由于充分利用了计算机数字图像处理的功能,抗干扰性强,是一种适合工业现场测量的有发展前途的位移全场测试新技术。     

Effect of Nonradiative Recombination on Carrier Dynamics in GaInNAs/GaAs Quantum Wells

The nonradiative recombination effect on carrier dynamics in GalnNAs/GaAs quantum wells is studied by timeresolved photoluminescence （TRPL） and polarization-dependent TRPL at various excitation intensities. It is found that both recombination dynamics and spin relaxation dynamics strongly depend on the excitation intensity. Under moderate excitation intensities the PL decay curves exhibit unusual non-exponential behaviour. This result is well simulated by a rate equation involving both the radiative and non-radiative recombinations via the introduction of a new parameter of the effective concentration of nonradiative recombination centres in the rate equation. In the spin dynamics study, the spin relaxation also shows strong excitation power dependence. Under the high excitation power an increase of spin polarization degree with time is observed. This new finding provides a useful hint that the spin process can be controlled by excitation power in GaInNAs systems.     

仪器分析理论课程教学实践与探索

仪器分析是一门实践性较强的专业基础课,其原理抽象、理论性强、内容广泛。在分析了仪器分析课程特点及实践教学中出现的问题的基础上,对该课程的教学模式及观念提出了改革措施,以激发学生学习兴趣,提高课堂教学效率,培养学生创新及实践能力。     

介质阻挡放电中点线放电的谱线线型及振动温度

在氩气/空气的混合气体近大气压介质阻挡放电中,首次观察到点状与线状放电共存的放电现象, 测量比较了点状与线状放电的谱线频移和振动温度。谱线频移的测量利用的是氩原子ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)的发射谱线,振动温度的测量利用的是氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g) 的发射谱线。结果表明：点放电中的ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)谱线的频移大于线放电谱线的频移,表明前者电子密度较高;而点放电振动温度低于线放电的振动温度。     

1+1/2对转涡轮叶排轴向间距对性能影响的研究

木文对1+1/2对转涡轮中轴向间距影响进行了初步研究。对不同轴向间距叶栅流场进行了大量时间精确模拟。研究表明,1+1/2对转涡轮高低压转叶间轴向间距成为追求高效率的制约因素,轴向间距为高压转叶喉部宽度是关键点。因此有关小轴向间距下强激波/叶排干扰的研究应该加强。     

活性靶技术熔合截面测量极限研究

天体环境中丰中子核素熔合反应率对研究中子星表面超级暴现象的点火机制有重要意义。由于次级束流强过低,无法使用传统固体靶实验技术测量垒下熔合反应截面。活性靶技术的发展为垒下丰中子核素熔合反应截面的测量提供了可行的途径。基于Geant4模拟详细地分析了多重采样电离室（MUSIC）与时间投影室（TPC）两种活性靶探测器中熔合反应与弹性散射的运动学性质,给出了4种熔合反应鉴别判据,并且计算了由这些判据误判引起的熔合截面系统误差。在E_cm=13.6 MeV时,MUSIC与TPC的弹性散射误判截面分别为0.5 mb和2.9×10-3 mb,都远小于此时熔合截面（877 mb）。在垒下,MSUIC的熔合截面系统误差已经超出实验测量要求,而TPC能够进行实验测量的能量可以降低至E_cm=4.7 MeV。Reaction rates of fusion reactions among neutron-rich nuclei in the astrophysical environment are of great significance to understand the ignition of superbursts on neutron stars. Since beam intensity is rather low for radioactive ion beams, it is extremely difficult to operate a direct measurement for cross sections of such fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier using thick target technique. In this case, a novel technique, active target technique, has been developed recently. To study the energy limit for measurement below Coulomb barrier, the kinematics of elastic scattering and fusion reaction in MUSIC and TPC are discussed with Geant4 simulation. Four identification methods are used and uncertainties of cross sections resulted from misjudgments are calculated. With E_cm=13.6 MeV, the uncertainties of cross sections for MUSIC and TPC are 0.5 mb and 2.9×10-3 mb, respectively. The uncertainties for MUSIC become far beyond measurement when below coulomb barrier, while TPC remains to be a suitable detector for measuring fusion cross sections until E_cm=4.7 MeV.     

机载稳瞄控制系统模型及仿真分析

瞄准线高精度稳定是机载光电稳瞄系统的主要指标和关键技术。根据四框架稳瞄系统的工作原理，以手动跟踪模式为主要研究对象，建立了稳瞄伺服控制系统模型。考虑到直升机扰动特点，对线扰动、角速率扰动、摩擦力矩、弹性力矩等各种扰动因素也建立相应的数学模型，同时在各种扰动因素作用下利用Matlab对机载高精度稳瞄系统的手动跟踪控制模式进行了仿真设计分析和理论研究，设计出适合的控制器。此模型在实际系统中获得验证，对稳瞄伺服控制系统的设计具有参考意义。