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41.
The Savannah River Site Environmental Bioassay Lab participated in the 2008 NRIP Emergency Response program administered by
the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in May, 2008. A new rapid column separation method was used for
analysis of actinides and 90Sr in the NRIP 2008 emergency water and urine samples. Significant method improvements were applied to reduce analytical times.
As a result, much faster analysis times were achieved, less than 3 hours for determination of 90Sr and 3–4 hours for actinides. This represents a 25%–33% improvement in analysis times from NRIP 2007 and a ∼100% improvement
compared to NRIP 2006 report times. Column flow rates were increased by a factor of two, with no significant adverse impact
on the method performance. Larger sample aliquots, shorter count times, faster cerium fluoride microprecipitation and streamlined
calcium phosphate precipitation were also employed. Based on initial feedback from NIST, the SRS Environmental Bioassay Lab
had the most rapid analysis times for actinides and 90Sr analyses for NRIP 2008 emergency urine samples. High levels of potential matrix interferences may be present in emergency
samples and rugged methods are essential. Extremely high levels of 210Po were found to have an adverse effect on the uranium results for the NRIP-08 urine samples, while uranium results for NRIP-08
water samples were not affected. This problem, which was not observed for NRIP-06 or NRIP-07 urine samples, was resolved by
using an enhanced 210Po removal step, which will be described. 相似文献
42.
Theodore F. Baumann Ticora V. Jones Thomas Wilson Andrew P. Saab Robert S. Maxwell 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(10):2589-2596
We report the synthesis and characterization of novel elastomeric nanocomposites containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as both the cross‐linker and filler within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer matrix. These polymer composites were prepared through the reaction of octasilane‐POSS (OS‐POSS) with vinyl‐terminated PDMS chains using hydrosilylation chemistry. In addition, larger super‐POSS cross‐linkers, consisting of two pendant hepta(isobutyl)POSS molecules attached to a central octasilane‐POSS core, were also used in the fabrication of the PDMS composites. The chemical incorporation of these POSS cross‐linkers into the PDMS network was verified by solid‐state 1H magic angle spinning NMR. Based on dynamic mechanical analysis, the PDMS nanocomposites prepared with the octafunctional OS‐POSS cross‐linker exhibited enhanced mechanical properties relative to polymer systems prepared with the tetrafunctional TDSS cross‐linker at equivalent loading levels. The observed improvements in mechanical properties can be attributed to the increased dimensionality of the POSS cross‐linker. The PDMS elastomers synthesized from the larger super‐POSS molecule showed improved mechanical properties relative to both the TDSS and OS‐POSS composites due to the increased volume‐fraction of POSS filler in the polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2589–2596, 2009 相似文献
43.
M. Bonesini E. Bonvin R. Bopp L. J. Carroll A. J. Cass D. Cavalli G. Costa S. U. Chung M. Donnat P. A. Dorsaz M. Feliks J. R. Fischer L. Fluri F. Gianotti S. Jack J. N. Jackson M. N. Kienzle-Focacci J. G. Lynch L. Mandelli M. Martin L. Mathys A. Maxwell M. Mazzanti P. J. Negus S. Pensotti-Rancoita L. Perini D. Perrin R. W. Poultney W. H. Range L. Rosselet S. W. Snow A. S. Thompson R. M. Turnbull J. Wells M. Werlen WA Collaboration 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1989,44(1):71-78
The structure of events associated with the production of direct photons in π? p, π+ p andpp reactions of 280 GeV/c has been studied using data from the WA 70 experiment at the CERN SPS. Results are presented on the distributions of the fractional momenta of the colliding partons and on the fragmentation of the recoil jet and a comparison is made with predictions using the structure functions of Duke and Owens in the Lund Monte Carlo with string fragmentation. 相似文献
44.
Qiang Xiao Aliou Sow Brian M. Maxwell Matei I. Radulescu 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2021,38(3):3641-3649
We evaluate the effect of boundary layer losses on two-dimensional H2/O2/Ar cellular detonations obtained in narrow channels. The experiments provide the details of the cellular structure and the detonation speed deficits from the ideal CJ speed. We model the effect of the boundary layer losses by incorporating the flow divergence in the third dimension due to the negative boundary layer displacement thickness, modeled using Mirels’ theory. The cellular structures obtained numerically with the resulting quasi-2D formulation of the reactive Euler equations with two-step chain-branching chemistry are found in excellent agreement with experiment, both in terms of cell dynamics and velocity deficits, provided the boundary layer constant of Mirels is modified by a factor of 2. A significant increase in the cell size is found with increasing velocity deficit. This is found to be very well captured by the induction zone increase in slower detonations due to the lower temperatures in the induction zone. 相似文献
45.
Surfactant-induced wetting of hydrophobic nanopores is investigated. SDS micelles interact with the C18 layer on the nanopore walls with their hydrophobic tails, creating a charged wall lining with their head groups and inducing a breakthrough of the aqueous solution to wet the pores. The surface coverage of the surfactant molecules is evaluated electrophoretically. A surprising discovery is that pore wetting is achieved with 0.73 μmol/m(2) coverage of SDS surfactant, corresponding to only 18% of a monolayer on the walls of the nanopores. Clearly, the surfactant molecules cannot organize as a compact uninterrupted monolayer. Instead, formation of hemimicelles is thermodynamically favored. Modeling shows that, to be consistent with the experimental observations, the aggregation number of hemimicelles is lower than 25 and the size of hemimicelle is limited to a maximum radius of 11.7 ?. The hydrophobic tails of SDS thus penetrate into and intercalate with the C18 layer. The insight gained in the C18-surfactant interactions is essential in the surfactant-induced solubilization of hydrophobic nanoporous particles. The results have bearing on the understanding of the nature of hydrophobic interactions. 相似文献
46.
Wu C Schneider T Zeigler M Yu J Schiro PG Burnham DR McNeill JD Chiu DT 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2010,132(43):15410-15417
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) represent a new class of ultrabright fluorescent probes for biological imaging. They exhibit several important characteristics for experimentally demanding in vitro and in vivo fluorescence studies, such as their high brightness, fast emission rate, excellent photostability, nonblinking, and nontoxic feature. However, controlling the surface chemistry and bioconjugation of Pdots has been a challenging problem that prevented their widespread applications in biological studies. Here, we report a facile yet powerful conjugation method that overcomes this challenge. Our strategy for Pdot functionalization is based on entrapping heterogeneous polymer chains into a single dot, driven by hydrophobic interactions during nanoparticle formation. A small amount of amphiphilic polymer bearing functional groups is co-condensed with the majority of semiconducting polymers to modify and functionalize the nanoparticle surface for subsequent covalent conjugation to biomolecules, such as streptavidin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The Pdot bioconjugates can effectively and specifically label cellular targets, such as cell surface marker in human breast cancer cells, without any detectable nonspecific binding. Single-particle imaging, cellular imaging, and flow cytometry experiments indicate a much higher fluorescence brightness of Pdots compared to those of Alexa dye and quantum dot probes. The successful bioconjugation of these ultrabright nanoparticles presents a novel opportunity to apply versatile semiconducting polymers to various fluorescence measurements in modern biology and biomedicine. 相似文献
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Maxwell J. Robb Daniel M. Knauss 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(9):2453-2461
Poly(thianthrene phenylene sulfide) and poly(thianthrene sulfide) have been prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization of the activated monomer 2,7‐difluorothianthrene with bis thiophenoxide and sulfide nucleophiles, respectively. The resulting polymers are thermally stable, amorphous materials that have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, refractometry, and intrinsic viscosity (IV) measurements. The polymers produced exhibit 5% weight loss values approaching 500 °C in inert and air atmospheres and glass transition temperatures that range from 149 to 210 °C. Poly(thianthrene phenylene sulfide) with a number average molecular weight of 22,100 g/mol has been synthesized with an IV in DMPU of 0.62 dL/g at 30 °C. Creasable films of this polymer have been prepared by solvent casting and melt pressing at 250 °C. Films of poly(thianthrene phenylene sulfide) exhibit transparencies greater than 50% at wavelengths exceeding 400 nm and a high refractive index value of 1.692 at a wavelength of 633 nm, making the polymer interesting for optical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2453–2461, 2009 相似文献