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991.
M J Lichon 《Journal of chromatography. A》1992,624(1-2):3-9
Sampling, homogenisation and sample preparation prior to chromatographic injection of food analytes are designed to enhance accuracy and precision. The reduction of inherent errors introduced by these steps requires the analyst's attention as a matter of course. Methods and examples of minimising errors in each step are reviewed. 相似文献
992.
The aim of this article is to define a model that describes the evolution of the yield surface during plasticity. We propose a modelisation that is completely different from the classical approach as far as conception is concerned. It consists of describing the yield surface evolution with the help of velocity. The yield function is not directly known but is obtained by integrating a differential law starting from an initial surface. A very simple evolution law is used; the complexity of the induced anisotropy is obtained by incremental accumulation. 相似文献
993.
Given disjoint setsP
1,P
2, ...,P
d
inR
d
withn points in total, ahamsandwich cut is a hyperplane that simultaneously bisects theP
i
. We present algorithms for finding ham-sandwich cuts in every dimensiond>1. Whend=2, the algorithm is optimal, having complexityO(n). For dimensiond>2, the bound on the running time is proportional to the worst-case time needed for constructing a level in an arrangement
ofn hyperplanes in dimensiond−1. This, in turn, is related to the number ofk-sets inR
d−1
. With the current estimates, we get complexity close toO(n
3/2
) ford=3, roughlyO(n
8/3
) ford=4, andO(n
d−1−a(d)
) for somea(d)>0 (going to zero asd increases) for largerd. We also give a linear-time algorithm for ham-sandwich cuts inR
3 when the three sets are suitably separated.
A preliminary version of the results of this paper appeared in [16] and [17]. Part of this research by J. Matoušek was done
while he was visiting the School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, and part of his work on this paper
was supported by a Humboldt Research Fellowship. W. Steiger expresses gratitude to the NSF DIMACS Center at Rutgers, and his
research was supported in part by NSF Grants CCR-8902522 and CCR-9111491. 相似文献
994.
W. Knoll W. Hickel M. Sawodny J. Stumpe H. Knobloch 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1991,341(3-4):272-278
Summary We report on novel optical techniques, based on evanescent waves, for the characterization of polymer surfaces and thin films. We first describe photo-ablation studies with polysilane films investigated by surface plasmon microscopy, a technique which is particularly well-suited for ultrathin samples. Thicker films that are homogeneous enough to carry optical waveguide modes can be characterized with high lateral resolution by the recently developed waveguide microscopy. We demonstrate this for a thin film of a solid polyelectrolyte. Finally, we report on surface plasmon field-enhanced Raman-spectroscopic and -imaging investigations of ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn-layers of cadmium arachidate.W. Hickel is now with HOECHST AG, Angewandte Physik, W-6230 Frankfurt 80 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
The electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D− and H− ions from condensed D2O and H2O films is investigated. Three low-energy peaks are observed in the ESD anion yield, which are identified as arising from excitation of 2B1, 2A1 and 2B2 dissociative electron attachment (DEA) resonances. Additional structure is observed between 18 and 32 eV, which may be due to ion pair formation or to DEA resonances involving the 2a1 orbital. The ion yield resulting from excitation of the 2B1 resonance increases as the film is heated. We attribute the increase in the ion yield to thermally induced hydrogen bond breaking near the surface, which enhances the lifetimes of the excited states that lead to desorption. 相似文献
998.
999.
H. M. Phillips D. L. Callahan R. Sauerbrey G. Szabo Z. Bor 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1992,54(2):158-165
Periodic line structures with a period of 167 nm and linewidths varying from 30 to 100 nm have been produced in polyimide by direct ablation with a KrF laser using an interferometric technique. The characteristics of this interferometer as it applies to the ablation of these line structures, including linewidth and alignment sensitivity, are analyzed. The ability to control the linewidth by varying the average incident fluence is described theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. This externally generated period of 167 nm also prevents the spontaneous growth of laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). 相似文献
1000.