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981.
Thomas J. Cloonan Gaylord W. Richards Anthony L. Lentine Frederick B. McCormick John R. Erickson 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1992,24(4):S415-S442
Free-space optical implementations of switching networks have been proposed to circumvent many of the system-level problems that may be encountered in systems that require many high-density, high-bandwidth connections. The details of a new class of switching network (the EGS network), that is well-suited to free-space implementations, is described. The common control injection problem that plagues most free-space photonic networks, i.e. how can control information from an electronic source be injected into the network for applications that require relatively high network reconfiguration rates, is examined. A new technique for control injection, called embedded control, which permits network operation even with relatively high network reconfiguration rates is also proposed. 相似文献
982.
Ferric ferrocyanides synthesized from different sources of ferric cations and ferrocyanide anions and those derived from ferrous ferricyanide, ferrous ferrocyanide and ferric ferricyanide have been studied using Mössbauer and XRD techniques. Structural information of the effect of the provenance on the properties of the final compound is obtained. Significant correlations between isomer shift and quadrupole splitting of inner and outer iron cations have been observed. 相似文献
983.
Techniques of uniformization are used to prove that it is not consistent that the Whitehead groups of cardinality ℵ1 are exactly the strongly ℵ1-free groups. Some consequences of the assumption that every strongly ℵ1-free group of cardinality ℵ1 is Whitehead are derived. Other results about uniformization are also proved.
Research partially supported by NSERC grant #9848.
Research partially supported by the BSF. The authors thank Rutgers University for its support. Publication #441. 相似文献
984.
A 480 L evacuable reaction chamber, equipped with FT-IR spectroscopy on-line and ion chromatography off-line, has been used to study the gas phase reaction between the nitrate radical, NO3, and the reduced organic sulphur compounds CH3CH2SH, (CH3CH2)2S, (CH3CH2)2S2, and CH3CH2SCH3 in air. The products CH3CH2SO3H, SO2, H2SO4, CH3CHO, and CH3CH2ONO2 were identified and quantified in the reactions of the first three compounds, CH3CH2SH, (CH3CH2)2S, and (CH3CH2)2S2. The reaction products were CH3CH2SO3H, CH3SO3H, SO2, H2SO4, CH3CHO, and CH2O in the reaction of CH3CH2SCH3. On the basis of identified reaction products and intermediates observed in the infrared spectra, mechanisms are proposed for the reactions between the NO3 radical and the four reduced organic sulphur compounds. The results of this study, together with those from previous experiments performed in this laboratory on CH3SCH3, CH3SH, and CH3SSCH3 lead to the conclusion that all these species, in the reaction with the NO3 radical, follow a similar degradation mechanism producing SO2, H2SO4, R? SO3H, R? CHO, and R? CH2ONO2, as the main reaction products. The inital step of the reaction of NO3 with R? S? R and R? S? H type (R = CH3, CH2CH3) reduced organic sulphur compounds was found to be H-atom abstraction, probably after the formation of an initial adduct. For the reaction between NO3 and R? S? S? R type compounds, evidence for an addition-decomposition reaction, as the initial steps, was obtained. R? S·, R? S(O)·, and R? S(O)2· appear to be formed as intermediates in all the reactions. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
985.
The effects of different ventilation methods on cardiac output measured by the indicator-dilution method, liver blood flow measured by a deuterium washout technique using 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liver concentrations of ATP and intracellular pH determined with 31P NMR were compared in anesthetized rats. No differences in mean arterial blood pressure were demonstrable with the different modes of ventilation. However, significant drops in cardiac output were observed between freely breathing and animals ventilated with positive pressure but not the high frequency oscillatory method (407 +/- 46 and 520 +/- 88 vs. 633 +/- 86 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.05 and p = NS, respectively). Moreover, liver blood flow was significantly reduced during positive pressure but not high frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with free breathing rats (32 +/- 4 and 43 +/- 10 vs. 46 +/- 8 ml/100 g, p less than 0.05 and p = NS, respectively). 31P NMR spectroscopy revealed no effects of either ventilation method on tissue ATP or intracellular pH as estimated by the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate. These data suggest that controlled ventilation in normal rats accomplished with standard positive pressure methods is associated with major decreases in cardiac output and liver blood flow despite maintenance of normal blood pressure. High frequency oscillatory ventilation appears to effect less compromise of cardiac output and hepatic perfusion than positive pressure ventilation and may, therefore, be preferable for some biological studies. 相似文献
986.
M. J. Soupioni B. D. Symeopoulos H. V. Papaefthymiou 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,268(3):441-444
Summary Four different bottled water brands sold in Greece in the winter of 2001-2002 were analyzed for a wide range of chemical elements,
using neutron activation analysis (NAA). The elements Na and Br were determined instrumentally (INAA), whereas the other metals
and trace elements radiochemically (RNAA). The results indicated that the mean level of all the elements determined in the
samples were well within the European Union (EU) directive on drinking water and accomplish the drinking water standards of
the World Health Organisation (WHO) as well as of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 相似文献
987.
988.
Hypothetical helical organic polymers with localized electrons, charges, and/or atoms are described, in which these localized substructures can move along the backbones of the polymers via sigmatropic H shifts. 相似文献
989.
Li Changjun; Li Zheng; Evans David J.; Zhang Tie 《IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis》2003,23(4):581-592
Golub et al. (2001, BIT, 41, 7185) gave a generalizedsuccessive over-relaxation method for the augmented systems.In this paper, the connection between the SOR-like method andthe preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for the augmentedsystems is investigated. It is shown that the PCG method isat least as accurate (fast) as the SOR-like method. Numericalexamples demonstrate that the PCG method is much faster thanthe SOR-like method. 相似文献
990.
Effect of track stiffness on vibration levels in railway tunnels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper discusses the difficulties in comparing and drawing conclusions from vibration measurements made in different railway tunnels. A number of new measurements are presented, which have been made and analyzed on a consistent basis. The track stiffness has been determined for each of the measurements. Graphs are presented which indicate the level of rail and tunnel floor vibration likely to occur for different track stiffnesses. The variance in the measurement results also indicates the potential error in using the data to predict vibration levels in new situations. 相似文献