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41.
Nakayama M Goto S Uchimoto Y Wakihara M Kitajima Y Miyanaga T Watanabe I 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(22):11197-11203
Changes in the electronic structure of olivine Li(1-x)CoPO(4), 4.8 V positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries, were investigated using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) technique. The threshold energy in the Co K-edge increased with electrochemical Li removal, indicating the oxidation of cobalt ions due to charge compensation. Moreover, P and O K-edge XAS showed a slight shift in threshold energy with Li removal. Although it is generally believed that the electrons of PO(4) polyanion do not contribute to the oxidation process, present experimental results indicate changes in the electronic structure around PO(4) units. Such results would be interpreted by the idea of the hybridization effect between the Co 3d and O 2p orbitals and of the polarization effect introduced by Li ions. 相似文献
42.
Zhang GJ Tanii T Funatsu T Ohdomari I 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(7):786-787
Nanoscale patterns of modified oligonucleotides are produced on octadecyltrimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayers at a silicon surface by electron beam lithography. DNA structures with feature sizes of the order of 250 nm were detected by epi-fluorescence microscopy. 相似文献
43.
Methods to prepare fractions of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) with a narrow molecular mass distribution in large quantities have been examined using high osmotic pressure chromatography under the theta condition. Effects of column dimension and coupling columns in series on the separation resolution were studied. We found that use of a thicker column can improve the resolution if adverse effects of viscous fingering are avoided. We also demonstrated that coupling the columns results in a better separation if the second column does not adsorb high-molecular-mass components purified in the first column. 相似文献
44.
In order to solve the issues in Si nanoelectronics such as fluctuation in the device functions and poor reliability of devices due to relative increase in mass transport in nm size structures and to yield novel functions by rather taking advantage of the nm size, we need to understand the phenomena peculiar to nm size structures. Based on the fact that a practical method to fabricate nm structures in terms of throughput, process time, and cost is to combine modification of solid surfaces with energetic particles (especially with single ions) and subsequent chemical processing in solutions, we describe single ion irradiation effects as a tool to modify solid surfaces in nm scale, a method for nm scale in-situ observation of solid surfaces, and some examples of the acquired knowledge. 相似文献
45.
Iwao Omae 《应用有机金属化学》2009,23(3):91-107
Group 9 metal compounds in organic synthesis have two characteristic reactions. The first occurs because the group 9 metals have a high affinity to carbon–carbon or carbon–nitrogen π‐bonds. The first type of characteristic reactions in these group 9 metal compounds includes Pauson–Khand reactions, the Pauson–Khand‐type reactions ([2 + 2 + 1] cyclization), the other cyclizations and coupling reactions. The second occurs because the group 9 metals have a high affinity to carbonyl groups. The second type of characteristic reactions includes carbonylations such as hydroformylations, the carbonylations of methanol, amidocarbonylations and other carbonylations. The first characteristic reactions are applied for the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the second characteristic reactions are utilized not only for fine chemicals but also for important bulk commodity chemicals such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
47.
Kazuchika Ohta Hiroshi Ema Yasue Morizumi Takuya Watanabe Tetsuya Fujimoto Iwao Yamamoto 《Liquid crystals》1990,8(3):311-330
Two novel types of transition-metal-containing liquid crystals, bis(p-n-koxydithiobenzoato)nickel(II) (abbreviated as (CnO-DTB)2Ni), and (p-n-alkoxydithiobenzoato)(p-n-alkoxyperthiobenzoato)nickel(II) (abbreviated as (CnO-DTB)(CnO-PTB)Ni), were synthesized. It was found that the (CnO-DTB)2Ni complex for n = 8 has smectic H and C mesophases, and that the (CnO-DTB)2Ni complexes for n = 4 and 8 easily transform into the corresponding monoperthio complexes, nO-PTB)Ni, by heating at temperatures between 230°C and 285°C. It was confirmed that the transformation originates from an intermolecular reaction between the (CnO-DTB)2Ni complexes at high temperatures, and that the origin of the extra sulphurs in the resulting (CnO-DTB)(CnO-PTB)Ni complexes is the neighbouring (CnO-DTB)2Ni complexes. Interestingly, each of the (CnO-DTB)(CnO-PTB)Ni complexes (n = 4 and 8), has nematic mesophase and exhibits a unique double melting behaviour via the nematic phase, which is the first example in liquid crystals. The reversible transformation between the blue smectic rod-like (CnO-DTB)2Ni complex and the red nematic Λ-like (CnO-DTB)(CnO-PTB)Ni complex is possible. 相似文献
48.
We give a decomposition formula for the zeta function of a group covering of a graph. 相似文献
49.
Minoru Umeda Hiroyuki Ojima Mohamed Mohamedi Isamu Uchida 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2002,40(11):1103-1109
Methanol vapor‐induced membranous changes in a cast‐coated Nafion thin film were studied through current–voltage (I–V) characteristics with an interdigitated microarray (IDA) electrode and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained I–V curves showed that the as‐prepared Nafion film was stable under humidified nitrogen gas; however, the I–V profile dramatically changed with exposure to methanol vapor. Next, the morphology of the film was compared before and after methanol exposure with AFM images. On the basis of our observations, we found that the as‐prepared film had an irregularly complicated microstructure, whereas the structure became homogeneous in appearance after 30 min of exposure to methanol gas. The alternating‐current conductivity data, showing almost the same magnitude before and after exposure, strongly suggested that the I–V profile shift was based on a change in an electrode reaction mechanism induced by a change in the junction at the Nafion/IDA electrode interface. Furthermore, the methanol vapor‐pre‐exposed Nafion was stable for further exposure to methanol vapor, water vapor, or both. With the stabilized film used in combination with the IDA electrode, a reversible change in the magnitude of the current was observed when the methanol/water vapor ratio was varied. This indicated that the electrode reaction had good reproducibility after the treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1103–1109, 2002 相似文献
50.