Stress variations during polarization of iron thin film electrode in pH 8.4 borate buffer solution

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The stress variations during polarization of iron thin film electrode in pH 8.4 borate buffer solution have been measured by a cantilever bending...     

Speciation of Arsenic Compounds in the Urine of Rats Orally Exposed to Dimethylarsinic Acid Ion Chromatography with ICP–MS as an Element-Selective Detector

A combined ion chromatography (IC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP—MS) system as an element-selective detector has been used for the determination of arsenic compounds. Seven arsenic compounds were separated by cation-exchange chromatography. Subsequently, the separated arsenic compounds were directly introduced into the ICP—MS and were detected at m/z =75. Detection limits for the seven arsenic compounds ranged from 0.8 to 3.8 μg As/l. The IC–ICP–MS system was applied to the determination of arsenic compounds in the urine of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA)-exposed rats. DMAA was the most abundant arsenic compound detected. Arsenous acid, monomethylarsonic acid and trimethylarsine oxide were also detected.     

Gelation process of amylose-DMSO-water system

Amylose gel is obtained by cooling amylose aqueous solution at a certain cooling rate. In order to clarify the gelation process of amylose in the mixed solvent of water and DMSO, the characteristics of turbidity and dynamic viscoelasticity of the solution as a function of temperature have been studied by optical and rheological methods, respectively. Accordingly, cloud temperature (Tc) at which the aggregation of amylose occurs, and gelation temperature (Tgel) at which the elasticity began to appear were obtained. Tc and Tgel were strongly dependent on cooling rate, and these values shifted to higher temperatures with decreasing cooling rate. However, there was difference between Tc and Tgel, and Tc was higher than Tgel, indicating the gelation process occurs in two stages.     

A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis

In this paper, we will propose a slacks-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This scalar measure deals directly with the input excesses and the output shortfalls of the decision making unit (DMU) concerned. It is units invariant and monotone decreasing with respect to input excess and output shortfall. Furthermore, this measure is determined only by consulting the reference-set of the DMU and is not affected by statistics over the whole data set. The new measure has a close connection with other measures proposed so far, e.g., Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes (CCR), Banker–Charnes–Cooper (BCC) and the Russell measure of efficiency. The dual side of this model can be interpreted as profit maximization, in contrast to the ratio maximization of the CCR model. Numerical experiments show its validity as an efficiency measurement tool and its compatibility with other measures of efficiency.     

微小圆管中分裂火焰的实验与理论研究

对丙烷/空气在内径2 mm的圆管内的预混燃烧进行了实验研究,借助于高速数码摄像机发现了分裂火焰现象,其中一个为向上游传播的较亮的常规火焰,另一个为向下游传播的较暗的微弱火焰。这些火焰先后熄灭,经过一段时间后又重复发生自着火、分裂、反向传播、灭火过程。这种现象在富燃、化学恰当比以及贫燃火焰中都有存在。一维非稳态计算表明化...     

Phase-locked laser system for a metastable states qubit in 40 Ca+

We describe the development of a phase-locked laser system tailored to an ion-trap-based quantum information processor with (40)Ca(+). Laser outputs from an extended cavity diode laser and a Ti:sapphire laser with output laser wavelengths of approximately 850 and 854 nm, respectively, were phase locked and used to excite a Raman transition between the D(3/2) and D(5/2) metastable states qubit. Development and the performance of the laser system are described. We also compare the characteristics and the benefits of the developed qubit coupling with those in the conventional approaches.     

Optimal design for hollow fiber inner-coated by dielectric layers with surface roughness

We report the optimal design for hollow fiber inner-coated with metallic and multidielectric layers by using ray-optics theory. Transmission characteristics of the multilayer hollow fiber are more dependent on the film surface roughness in the IR region. Comparisons of fibers with smooth and rough films are made and discussed in detail. The optimal design for film thickness, inner radius, and the number of layers and refractive indices is presented. The calculation results are important for structure design, material selection, and fabrication when considering imperfections in film-coating techniques. Multilayer fibers are fabricated based on the calculation and experimental results agree with the theoretical ones.     

Heat-generating property of a local plasmon resonator under illumination

We have investigated the heat generation from gold nanoparticles resulting from their local plasma resonance. We have demonstrated the self-assembly of Au nanoparticle arrays/dielectric layer/Ag mirror sandwiches, i.e., a local plasmon resonator, using a dynamic oblique deposition technique. The thicknesses of the Au and dielectric layers were changed combinatorially on a single substrate. As a result, local plasmon resonator chips were successfully fabricated. Because of strong interference, their optical absorption can be controlled between 0.0% and 97% in the near-IR region, depending on the thickness of the dielectric layer. We evaluated the heat generation from Au nanoparticles by measuring the temperature of water with which a cell prepared on a chip is filled under laser illumination. The change in the water temperature is proportional to the optical absorption of the local plasmon resonator chips. This suggests that the photothermal conversion efficiency can be controlled by interference. These features make the application of the local plasmon resonator to nanoheaters, which can spatiotemporally control heat generation, suitable.     

Almost Complex Structures Which Are Compatible with Kähler or Symplectic Structures

In this note we prove that half of all homotopy classes of almost complex structures on M is not compatible with any symplectic structure for a certain class of oriented compact 4-manifolds M. In particular, half of all homotopy classes of almost complex structures on an oriented 4-manifold is not compatible to any Kähler structure.     

Variations on the theme of slacks-based measure of efficiency in DEA

In DEA, there are typically two schemes for measuring efficiency of DMUs; radial and non-radial. Radial models assume proportional change of inputs/outputs and usually remaining slacks are not directly accounted for inefficiency. On the other hand, non-radial models deal with slacks of each input/output individually and independently, and integrate them into an efficiency measure, called slacks-based measure (SBM). In this paper, we point out shortcomings of the SBM and propose four variants of the SBM model. The original SBM model evaluates efficiency of DMUs referring to the furthest frontier point within a range. This results in the hardest score for the objective DMU and the projection may go to a remote point on the efficient frontier which may be inappropriate as the reference. In an effort to overcome this shortcoming, we first investigate frontier (facet) structure of the production possibility set. Then we propose Variation I that evaluates each DMU by the nearest point on the same frontier as the SBM found. However, there exist other potential facets for evaluating DMUs. Therefore we propose Variation II that evaluates each DMU from all facets. We then employ clustering methods to classify DMUs into several groups, and apply Variation II within each cluster. This Variation III gives more reasonable efficiency scores with less effort. Lastly we propose a random search method (Variation IV) for reducing the burden of enumeration of facets. The results are approximate but practical in usage.