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991.
We give general conditions on a generator of a C0-semigroup (resp. of a C0-resolvent) on Lp(E,μ), p ≥ 1, where E is an arbitrary (Lusin) topological space and μ a σ-finite measure on its Borel σ-algebra, so that it generates a sufficiently regular Markov process on E. We present a general method how these conditions can be checked in many situations. Applications to solve stochastic differential equations on Hilbert space in the sense of a martingale problem are given. Dedicated to Giuseppe Da Prato on the occasion of his 70th birthday  相似文献   
992.
993.
All nine elastic moduli of an orthotropic composite material, namely, polypropylene reinforced with glass fiber, are determined from the measured values of the bulk acoustic wave velocities along specific directions in the planes of symmetry of the material. These data are used to calculate the angular dependences of phase velocities, polarization vectors, and directions of ray velocities of bulk waves in the composite. It is demonstrated that the difference in the velocities of shear waves polarized along and across the glass fiber gives rise to an acoustic birefringence and can lead to an elliptical polarization of waves. The measurement of the phase velocities of shear waves as functions of the wave polarization is suggested as a method for the determination of the fiber orientation in a composite material.  相似文献   
994.
A two-species ratio-dependent predator-prey model with distributed time delay is investigated. It is shown that the system is persistent under some appropriate conditions, and sufficient conditions are obtained for both the local and global stability of the positive equilibrium of the system.  相似文献   
995.
We propose a thermodynamic framework for describing the microwave drying process of aqueous dielectrics based on Maxwell-Lorentz Field equations and mixture theory. Several issues are discussed such as the form of entropy equation; the constitutive relations for the macroscopic electric polarization vectors, Cauchy stresses, heat fluxes, internal momentum supplies, etc., for each component of the mixture: porous solid, water and gas in different regions; and the interfacial jump conditions between different regions in the mixture. A brief examination of the status of material frame indifference within the context of our framework is presented.  相似文献   
996.
Erbium and ytterbium codoped double tungstates NaY(WO4)2 crystals were prepared by using Czochralski (CZ) pulling method. The absorption spectra in the region 290-2000 nm have been recorded at room temperature. The Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to the measured values of absorption line strengths to evaluate the spontaneous emission probabilities and stimulated emission cross sections of Er3+ ions in NaY(WO4)2 crystals. Intensive green and red lights were measured when the sample were pumped by a 974 nm laser diode (LD), especially, the intensities of green upconversion luminescence are very strong. The mechanism of energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions was analyzed. Energy transfer and nonradiative relaxation played an important role in the upconversion process. Photoexcited luminescence experiments are also fulfilled to help analyzing the transit processes of the energy levels.  相似文献   
997.
A control volume type numerical methodology for the analysis of steady three‐dimensional rotating flows with heat transfer, in both laminar and turbulent conditions, is implemented and experimentally tested. Non‐axisymmetric momentum and heat transfer phenomena are allowed for. Turbulent transport is alternatively represented through three existing versions of the kε model that were adjusted to take into account the turbulence anisotropy promoted by rotation, streamline curvature and thermal buoyancy. Their relative performance is evaluated by comparison of calculated local and global heat balances with those obtained through measurements in a laboratory device. A modified version of the Lam and Bremhorst, low Reynolds number model is seen to give the best results. A preliminary analysis focused on the flow structure and the transfer of heat is reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
998.
For hard optimization problems, it is difficult to design heuristic algorithms which exhibit uniformly superior performance for all problem instances. As a result it becomes necessary to tailor the algorithms based on the problem instance. In this paper, we introduce the use of a cooperative problem solving team of heuristics that evolves algorithms for a given problem instance. The efficacy of this method is examined by solving six difficult instances of a bicriteria sparse multiple knapsack problem. Results indicate that such tailored algorithms uniformly improve solutions as compared to using predesigned heuristic algorithms.  相似文献   
999.
    
Summary Measurements have been made of the sea-level size spectrum of cosmic-ray showers at a number of zenith angles and the relationship between shower size and atmospheric depth has been derived for a number of integral cosmic-ray fluxes. These measurements extend the available data to ∼ 1400 g·cm−2 and emphasize the discrepancy between measurements made on Mt. Chacaltaya and those made at other observatories.
Riassunto Sono state fatte misurazioni dello spettro delle dimensioni a livello del mare di sciami di raggi cosmici ad un certo numero di angoli zenitali ed è stata dedotta la relazione tra la grandezza dello sciame e la profondità atmosferica per un certo numero di flussi integrali di raggi cosmici. Queste misurazioni estendono i dati disponibili a∼1400 g·cm−2 ed evidenziano la discrepanza tra le misurazioni fatte sul Monte Chalcaltaya e quelle di altri osservatori.

Резюме Проводятся измерения спектра размеров ливней космических лучей на уровне моря при различных зенитных углах и соотношения между размером ливня и толщиной атмосферы для ряда интегральных потоков космических лучей. Эти измерения уточняют имеющиеся данные до толщии∼1400 г·см−2. Отмечается расхождение между измерениями, проведенными на горе Чакалтайа, и измерениями в других обсерваториях.
  相似文献   
1000.
A differential equation is obtained that describes the change in the energy of a charged particle in the field of a slow wave (with phase velocity not equal to unity) as a function of the distance traversed. Analysis of this equation yields the amplitude and period of the change in the particle's energy.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 97–102, February, 1981.  相似文献   
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