Memory-function conductivity formula and transport coefficients in underdoped cuprates

The two-band memory-function conductivity formula is derived from the quantum kinetic equation in the pseudogap state of underdoped cuprates. The conduction electrons are described by using the adiabatic version of the nested Fermi liquid model, and the effects of Mott correlations are taken into account phenomenologically. The linear dependence of the low-temperature effective number of conduction electrons on the doping level δ (for not too large δ) is found to be in agreement with experimental observation. The momentum distribution function turns out to play an important role in describing temperature effects. The closing of the antiferromagnetic pseudogap at temperatures of the order of room temperature is shown to be a direct consequence of a relatively large width of the quasiparticle peak in this distribution function. The coupling of conduction electrons to external magnetic fields is included in the two-band transport equations in the usual semiclassical way. It is shown that the low-temperature Hall number is proportional to δ as well (again for not too large δ) and that it exhibits singular behaviour when the Fermi surface changes from the hole-like shape into the electron-like shape.     

Interferometric ultrafast SOA-based optical switches: From devices to applications

All-optical switches are fundamental building blocks for future, high-speed optical networks that utilize optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) techniques to achieve single channel data rates exceeding 100 Gb/s. Interferometric optical switches using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) non-linearities perform efficient optical switching with < 500 fJ of control energy and are approaching optical sampling bandwidths of nearly 1 THz. In this paper, we review work underway at Princeton University to characterize and demonstrate these optical switches as processing elements in practical networks and systems. Three interferometric optical switch geometries are presented and characterized. We discuss limitations on the minimum temporal width of the switching window and prospects for integrating the devices. Using these optical switches as demultiplexers, we demonstrate two 100-Gb/s testbeds for photonic packet switching. In addition to the optical networking applications, we have explored simultaneous wavelength conversion and pulse width management. We have also designed high bandwidth sampling systems using SOA-based optical switches as analog optical sampling gates capable of analyzing optical waveforms with bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz. We believe these devices represent a versatile approach to all-optical processing as a variety of applications can be performed without significantly changing the device architecture.     

Vibrational Assignment of N-Phenylphthalimide and 15N-Phenylphthalimide

Abstract

The i.r. spectra of N-phenylphthalimide and ¹⁵N-phenylphthalimide have been measured in 4000–100 cm^?1 frequency range as KBr and polyethylene pellets and as chloroform solutions. The Raman spectra (4000–50) cm^?1 of microcrystalline powder of the of the same compounds have also been investigated.

A detailed assignment of most of the observed frequencies has been proposed on the basis of the group vibrational concept, isotopic shift data and analogies with the spectra of related molecules. Some literature data have been discussed and some frequencies are reassigned.     

Hawking radiation by Kerr black holes and conformal symmetry

The exponential blueshift associated with the event horizon of a black hole makes conformal symmetry play a fundamental role in accounting for its thermal properties. Using a derivation based on two-point functions, we show that the full spectrum of thermal radiation of scalar particles by Kerr black holes can be explicitly derived on the basis of a conformal symmetry arising in the wave equation near the horizon. The simplicity of our approach emphasizes the depth of the connection between conformal symmetry and black hole radiance.     

Exoelectron emission from solid nitrogen

Solid nitrogen was investigated by activation spectroscopy methods – thermally stimulated luminescence and thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSL and TSEE) in combination with luminescence analysis. TSEE from solid nitrogen pre-irradiated by an electron beam was measured and investigated for the first time. A set of peaks both in TSL and TSEE were observed. It was found that one of the peaks in the TSEE curve is caused by release of electrons in the course of the α-β phase transition of solid nitrogen. The corresponding activation energy was estimated.     

Grüneisen parameter of NaCl at high compressions

A new method of determining the pressure dependence of the Grüneisen parameter is described. The measurements were carried out on NaCl to 33 kbar at room temperature using an end-loaded piston-cylinder apparatus. A fluid cell arrangement with Bridgman unsupported area seals was used. Changes of sample temperature associated with small adiabatic pressure changes were measured and the Grüneisen parameter could be calculated from the thermodynamic relationship $\text{γ = (}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{s}}\text{T}\text{)(}\text{?T}\text{?P}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{s}}$ where K_s is the adiabatic bulk modulus. Our results are in excellent agreement with those reported by Roberts and Ruppin [1] who calculated the pressure dependence of γ from thermodynamic and ultrasonic data and in excellent agreement with those reported by Hardy and Karo [2] who carried out a lattice-dynamical calculation.     

Unexpected formation of dinaphthoaza-17-crown-5 ether containing γ-aminopiperidine subunit

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Intermolecular interactions between natural humic substances and tricyclic antidepressants

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Novel materials for bioanalytical and biomedical applications: Environmental response and binding/release capabilities of amphiphilic hydrogels with shape‐persistent dendritic junctions

The binding and release capabilities of a hydrogel series, constructed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) segments and hydrophobic dendritic junctions [poly (benzyl ether)s], are evaluated in aqueous media. The environmental response of the amphiphilic networks is also tested in water at three pH values: 1.5, 7.0, and 10.1. The highest swelling ratio is observed under acidic conditions and varies between 3.7 and 6.5, depending on the crosslinking density and dendrimer generation. Gel specimens with embedded indicators react within 3–6 s with a clear color switch to the change in the pH of the surrounding medium. The experiments with model anionic and cationic indicators and stains show that the hydrogels have basic interiors. The gel binding capabilities depend on the water solubility of the substrate and on the size of the incorporated dendritic fragments. Model release studies have been performed at 37 °C and pHs 1.5, 7.0, and 10.1. The observed phenomena are explained by the transformations in the structure and charge that both the networks and the model compounds undergo with the changes in the pH of the aqueous medium. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4017–4029, 2005