Identification of peroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin I in the urine of patients with congenital erythropoietic porphyria by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

A new porphyrin, peroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin I, has been isolated from the urine of patients with congenital erythropoietic porphyria by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The porphyrin was characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry and by typical chemical reactions of a peroxyacid.     

Arboricine and arboricinine, unusual tetracyclic indole regioisomers from Kopsia

A pair of unusual regioisomeric tetracyclic indoles of the corynantheine-type, arboricine and arboricinine were obtained from the Malayan Kopsia arborea. The structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and a possible biogenetic link between the alkaloids is presented.     

On Frobenius algebras and the quantum Yang-Baxter equation

It is shown that every Frobenius algebra over a commutative ring determines a class of solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, which forms a subbimodule of its tensor square. Moreover, this subbimodule is free of rank one as a left (right) submodule. An explicit form of a generator is given in terms of the Frobenius homomorphism. It turns out that the generator is invertible in the tensor square if and only if the algebra is Azumaya.

     

The impact of nonequilibrium gain in a spectral laser diode model

We describe the inclusion of nonequilibrium gain into a self-consistent 2.5D CW spectral laser diode model and report on the use of this model to investigate the origin of gain compression in a 975 nm high-brightness tapered QW laser diode. Nonequilibrium gain is calculated using a dynamic gain model, which simulates the dynamic relaxation of the quantum well carrier energy distributions under the influence of steady-state electrical and optical excitation. Calculated gain and spontaneous emission spectra are included in the laser model via parameterised look up tables. Both simulated and experimentally measured intracavity spontaneous emission spectra show an increased carrier density and a blue-shift of the gain maximum with increasing bias caused by carrier heating and spectral hole burning. The accurate incorporation of nonequilibrium gain compression is therefore vital for the accurate prediction of the operating characteristics of these devices and for the experimental determination of the active region temperature.     

Direct single-layered fabrication of 3D concavo–convex patterns in nano-stereolithography

A nano-surfacing process (NSP) is proposed to directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) concavo–convex-shaped microstructures such as micro-lens arrays using two-photon polymerization (TPP), a promising technique for fabricating arbitrary 3D highly functional micro-devices. In TPP, commonly utilized methods for fabricating complex 3D microstructures to date are based on a layer-by-layer accumulating technique employing two-dimensional sliced data derived from 3D computer-aided design data. As such, this approach requires much time and effort for precise fabrication. In this work, a novel single-layer exposure method is proposed in order to improve the fabricating efficiency for 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures. In the NSP, 3D microstructures are divided into 13 sub-regions horizontally with consideration of the heights. Those sub-regions are then expressed as 13 characteristic colors, after which a multi-voxel matrix (MVM) is composed with the characteristic colors. Voxels with various heights and diameters are generated to construct 3D structures using a MVM scanning method. Some 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures were fabricated to estimate the usefulness of the NSP, and the results show that it readily enables the fabrication of single-layered 3D microstructures. PACS 85.40.Hp; 81.16.Nd; 42.82.Cr     

Scanning mirror on a vibrating membrane for dynamic optical trapping

A study of the variation of the spectral shape and the harmonic distribution of the high-order harmonics generated from silver plasma on the frequency chirp of the driving laser radiation (793 nm 48 fs) is reported. The results of the systematic study of the harmonic generation from the 21st order up to the 61st order (λ=13 nm) are presented. A tuning of the harmonic wavelength up to 0.8 nm can be accomplished by variation of the laser chirp. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.79.Nv; 52.38.Mf     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-oxa-nor-tropane glycomimetics as glycosidase inhibitors

The preparation of polyhydroxylated 6-oxa-nor-tropane glycomimetics structurally related to the glycosidase inhibitor family of the calystegines is reported. The synthetic strategy involves the furanose→piperidine rearrangement of 5-deoxy-5-ureido-l-idose precursors, followed by intramolecular glycosylation involving the primary hydroxyl group. Inversion of the configuration at C-3 in the resulting 6-oxa-(+)-calystegine B₂ analogue allows accessing the elusive 3-epi-6-oxa-(+)-calystegine B₂ skeleton. Acid-catalyzed opening of the nor-tropane bicycle was observed, however, which could be avoided by careful neutralization of the reaction mixture. The inhibition results suggest that (+)-calystegine B₂ derivatives and the corresponding C-3 epimers can be seen as glucomimetics and galactomimetics, respectively, pointing to a 1-azasugar mode of action for this family of alkaloids.     

A pair of orthogonal frames

We start with a characterization of a pair of frames to be orthogonal in a shift-invariant space and then give a simple construction of a pair of orthogonal shift-invariant frames. This is applied to obtain a construction of a pair of Gabor orthogonal frames as an example. This is also developed further to obtain constructions of a pair of orthogonal wavelet frames.