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111.
Jean van Heijenoort was best known for his editorial work in the history of mathematical logic. I survey his contributions to model-theoretic proof theory, and in particular to the falsifiability tree method. This work of van Heijenoort??s is not widely known, and much of it remains unpublished. A complete list of van Heijenoort??s unpublished writings on tableaux methods and related work in proof theory is appended.  相似文献   
112.
The use of sol-gel materials can simplify the industrial fabrication of high-efficiency silicon solar cells if a suitable deposition method is established. In this work, we investigate the possibilities to adapt a borosilicate glass sol-gel to provide a stable screen printing process. This material has previously been used as a boron dopant source for silicon solar cells. We now use an adjusted synthesis process, with an increased gelling time and different additives. This changes the rheological properties (i.e., the elastic and viscous moduli G′ and G″) in a way that avoids the dripping of paste through the screen and that stabilizes the material transfer in subsequent printing steps. Using this synthesis process, we were able to show a printing process with long-term stability of more than 500 prints. When comparing the adjusted to the initial paste, we show that, after thermal treatment, the obtained thin films are very similar in terms of their constitution, with a refractive index between n = 1.47 (initial) and n = 1.55 (adjusted). We also show that they provide the same amount of doping under the tested conditions (950 °C, 30 min), resulting in sheet resistances of R = (42.5 ± 2.6) Ω/□ (initial) and R = (46.4 ± 3.6) Ω/□ (adjusted).  相似文献   
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The stable marriage problem is that of matching n men and n women, each of whom has ranked the members of the opposite sex in order of preference, so that no unmatched couple both prefer each other to their partners under the matching. At least one stable matching exists for every stable marriage instance, and efficient algorithms for finding such a matching are well known. The stable roommates problem involves a single set of even cardinality n, each member of which ranks all the others in order of preference. A stable matching is now a partition of this single set into n/2 pairs so that no two unmatched members both prefer each other to their partners under the matching. In this case, there are problem instances for which no stable matching exists. However, the present paper describes an O(n2) algorithm that will determine, for any instance of the problem, whether a stable matching exists, and if so, will find such a matching.  相似文献   
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Voltage security and reactive power management   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The focus of this paper is on voltage security as a functionof ancillary services that can be described in the context ofreactive power markets and associated pricing mechanisms. Firstly,an introduction to voltage security and reactive power managementis presented and the consequences of recent electricity industryrestructuring in the UK are highlighted. Finally, several recentlydeveloped algorithmic techniques are presented in detail. Thetechniques will introduce the concepts of transition-optimizationand congestion management in the context of a complete frameworkfor the monitoring, assessment and control of voltage security.  相似文献   
118.
The kinetics of the oxidation of S2O32? by ClO2? have been studied in aqueous alkaline solution at 900C using classical titrimetric methods to follow the course of the reaction. The reaction takes place according to the stoichiometry S2O32? + 2ClO2? + 2OH? = 2SO42? + 2Cl? + H2O even in large S2O32? excess. There is some indication of a complex reaction pattern, but 70% of the ClO2? disappearance can be best described by the autocatalytic rate equation -d[ClO2?]/dt = k[S2O32?] [ClO2?] [H+] with k = (1.3 ± 0.2) ×108 M?2 sec?1. The mechanism is explained by postulating nucleophilic attack of S2O32? on HClO2 to form a chlorine-containing intermediate.  相似文献   
119.
It is shown that a phenomenon analogous to the geometric phase shifts of Berry and Hannay occurs for dissipative oscillatory systems and can be detected in numerical simulations of chemical oscillators. The approach herein to the theory of geometric phases begins with a study of simple first-order differential equations on the circle (circle dynamics). It is shown how more complicated systems exhibit geometric phases through reduction to a circle dynamics. In this way, the various manifestations of the phenomenon are seen from a single unified perspective. The results are illustrated in numerical experiments on several model systems ranging from analytically solvable, but contrived, to realistic models of chemical oscillators.  相似文献   
120.
The initiation process for the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran with (C6H5)3C+SbCl6? has been studied. Two mechanisms have been considered: a cation-addition process, and a process in which tetrahydrofuran donates a hydride ion to the cation of the initiator to form triphenylmethane. The biscarbonium salt [(C6H5)2C+C6H4CH2]2(SbCl6?)2 has been synthesized and used to initiate the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. The results are consistent with the hydride-ion mechanism but may be inconclusive because of chain transfer. NMR experiments with 0.05–0.2M solutions of initiator in tetrahydrofuran show that triphenylmethane is rapidly produced in an amount equal to the molar amount of initiator originally present. Some NMR evidence for the presence of an acetal end group in the polymer has been obtained. It is concluded that the initiation process in this system definitely involves the formation of triphenylmethane, although a detailed, unique mechanism cannot be selected at this time.  相似文献   
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