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91.
Martínez I Markovits A Chamy R Markovits A 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,112(1):55-62
Eighteen commercial lipase preparations, either immobilized or crude enzyme powders, were screened for the transesterification of wood sterols. The reactions were carried out in a solvent-free system, at the optimum temperature of the enzyme preparations as reported by the manufacturer and at the pressure of 2 mbar, with 5 or 10% in weight of the enzyme relative to the wood sterol content of the reacting mixture. Methyl esters of sunflower fatty acids were used as transesterifying agent. Of all the enzymes assayed, only Lipase TL from Pseudomonas stutzeri PL-836 (Meito Sangyo) exhibited any significant transesterifying capacity, 85 and 95% of conversion after 2 and 8 h of reaction, respectively, when 10% in weight of enzyme was used. 相似文献
92.
Doyle AW Fick J Himmelhaus M Eck W Graziani I Prudovsky I Grunze M Maciag T Neivandt DJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(21):8961-8965
Structural deformations of lipid hybrid bilayer membranes induced by signal peptideless (SPL) proteins have been studied for the first time using the inherently surface specific nonlinear optical technique of sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Specifically, deformations of 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylglycerol(DSPG) membranes induced by interaction with FGF-1, a SPL protein which is released asa function of cellular stress through a nonclassical pathway, have been investigated. FGF-1 was found to induce lipid alkyl chain deformations in previously highly ordered DSPG membranes at the extremely low concentration of 1 nM at 60 degrees C. The deformation process was shown to exhibit a degree of reversibility upon removal of the protein by rinsing with buffer solution. 相似文献
93.
A mixed ladderane/n-alkyl glycerol diether membrane lipid in an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sinninghe Damsté JS Rijpstra WI Strous M Jetten MS David OR Geenevasen JA van Maarseveen JH 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(22):2590-2591
A novel glycerol diether containing ladderane and tetradecyl moieties has been identified in an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium by GC/MS and high-field NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
94.
Lagoja IM Pochet S Boudou V Little R Lescrinier E Rozenski J Herdewijn P 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(5):1867-1871
The synthesis of fully [13C/15N] labeled pyrimidine nucleosides has been achieved from 13C-glucose and labeled nucleobases. The reaction scheme leads directly to the protected nucleosides without the need for the inversion of configuration of C-3 of 13C-glucose. This was achieved by an oxitative ring-opening reaction removing the carbon with the wrong configuration. 相似文献
95.
96.
Andrés Cuña Suárez Nestor Tancredi Paulo César C. Pinheiro María Irene Yoshida 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,100(3):1051-1054
DSC and TG/DTA were used to study charcoals obtained from eucalyptus wood at different pyrolysis temperatures, as well as the exchanged energy, and the transformations involved during the pyrolysis process. Charcoals DSC curves showed two exothermic peaks, at ~610 and ~750 K. The first peak was squashed for those charcoals obtained at higher final pyrolysis temperatures, and it disappeared in the charcoals obtained at 873 and 923 K. The second peak intensity increased and its location changed at the higher temperatures. Charcoal characterization showed a rise of heat values with the pyrolysis temperature. 相似文献
97.
Irene García-Selfa 《Journal of Number Theory》2009,129(2):367-380
A new characterization of rational torsion subgroups of elliptic curves is found, for points of order greater than 4, through the existence of solution for systems of Thue equations. 相似文献
98.
Giancarlo Verardo Irene Duse Alessandro Callea 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2009,23(11):1607-1618
Underivatized oligosaccharides were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode with post‐column addition of an aqueous solution of formic acid. Under these conditions all oligosaccharides showed the presence of the corresponding formate adduct [M + HCOO]? with high intensity and easy subsequent low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation using successive MSn experiments. A careful examination of the mass spectra obtained from these MSn experiments pointed out some significant differences useful to identify and quantify the single components in mixtures of coeluted disaccharides. This new sensitive and rapid method was successfully applied to the quantification of oligosaccharides in some juices minimizing sample handling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
The deployment of machine learning models is expected to bring several benefits. Nevertheless, as a result of the complexity of the ecosystem in which models are generally trained and deployed, this technology also raises concerns regarding its (1) interpretability, (2) fairness, (3) safety, and (4) privacy. These issues can have substantial economic implications because they may hinder the development and mass adoption of machine learning. In light of this, the purpose of this paper was to determine, from a positive economics point of view, whether the free use of machine learning models maximizes aggregate social welfare or, alternatively, regulations are required. In cases in which restrictions should be enacted, policies are proposed. The adaptation of current tort and anti-discrimination laws is found to guarantee an optimal level of interpretability and fairness. Additionally, existing market solutions appear to incentivize machine learning operators to equip models with a degree of security and privacy that maximizes aggregate social welfare. These findings are expected to be valuable to inform the design of efficient public policies. 相似文献
100.
Irene Gouvinhas Nelson Machado Amadeo Girons‐Vilaplana Snia Gomes Teresa Carvalho Raúl Domínguez‐Perles Ana I. R. N. A. Barros 《Journal of Chemometrics》2016,30(9):548-558
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) can be affected by Colletotrichum acutatum, causing a loss of yield and quality of the final products, whilst the incidence of this fungal infection depends on several factors, including cultivar susceptibility. Thus, the effect of C. acutatum infection in cultivars displaying different susceptibilities to this fungal disease (‘Galega Vulgar’ ‐ susceptible, ‘Cobrançosa’ ‐ moderately susceptible, ‘Picual’ ‐ tolerant) has been assessed through spectrophotometric methods and HPLC, while the FTIR spectra of the cuticles have been concomitantly registered, resorting to the ATR accessory. With the support of multivariate analysis, these spectra allowed to discriminate olives with distinct infection times, besides retrieving evidences concerning the different susceptibility of each cultivar, while these observations were reinforced by the spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the assessment of the phenolic profile evidenced individual compounds in the distinct cultivars, so as their variations in response to the fungal infection. 相似文献