Impact of Strong Magnetic Fields on Collision Mechanism for Transport of Charged Particles

One of the main applications in plasma physics concerns the energy production through thermo-nuclear fusion. The controlled fusion is achieved by magnetic confinement i.e., the plasma is confined into a toroidal domain (tokamak) under the action of huge magnetic fields. Several models exist for describing the evolution of strongly magnetized plasmas, most of them by neglecting the collisions between particles. The subject matter of this paper is to investigate the effect of large magnetic fields with respect to a collision mechanism. We consider here linear collision Boltzmann operators and derive, by averaging with respect to the fast cyclotronic motion due to strong magnetic forces, their effective collision kernels.     

Regioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic and Heptagon-embedded Aromatic Compounds through a Versatile π-Extension of Aryl Halides

A versatile π-extension reaction was developed based on the three-component cross-coupling of aryl halides, 2-haloarylcarboxylic acids, and norbornadiene. The transformation is driven by the direction and subsequent decarboxylation of the carboxyl group, while norbornadiene serves as an ortho-C−H activator and ethylene synthon via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction. Comprehensive DFT calculations were performed to account for the catalytic intermediates.     

Medical Applications of Rose Bengal‐ and Riboflavin‐Photosensitized Protein Crosslinking

This review summarizes research on many of the potential applications of photosensitized crosslinking of tissue proteins in surgery and current knowledge of the photochemical mechanisms underlying formation of the covalent protein–protein crosslinks involved. Initially developed to close wounds or reattach tissues, protein photocrosslinking has also been demonstrated to stiffen and strengthen tissues, decrease inflammatory responses and facilitate tissue bioengineering. These treatments appear to result largely from crosslinks within and between collagen molecules in tissue that typically form by an oxygen‐dependent mechanism. Surgical applications discussed include sealing wounds in skin, cornea and bowel; reattaching severed nerves, blood vessels and tendons; strengthening cornea and vein; reducing capsular contracture after breast implants; and regenerating joint cartilage.     

Polymer and azo-dye composite: a photo-alignment layer for liquid crystals

In this article, we disclose a method to fabricate polymer-stabilised azo-dye photo alignment layers for liquid crystal. The idea includes the introduction of polymer network in the alignment layer, in optimal concentration, followed by two-step irradiation. The stabilised photo-alignment layer has been explored for different aspects of the display-related parameters, viz. anchoring energy, stability for various display-related environments as a function of concentration of monomer and irradiation, residual DC and voltage holding ratio. The composite photo-alignment layer offers well-suited parameters for the liquid crystal alignment and therefore could find application in a variety of modern photonic and display devices.     

Synthesis and Therapeutic Use of Dimephosphone

Abstract

The synthesis of dimephosphone (1) was carried out on Pudovik's reaction.     

Exact Meromorphic Stationary Solutions of the Real Cubic Swift‐Hohenberg Equation

We show that all meromorphic solutions of the stationary reduction of the real cubic Swift‐Hohenberg equation are elliptic or degenerate elliptic. We then obtain them all explicitly by the subequation method, and one of them appears to be a new elliptic solution.     

PCR-based detection of gene transfer vectors: application to gene doping surveillance

Athletes who illicitly use drugs to enhance their athletic performance are at risk of being banned from sports competitions. Consequently, some athletes may seek new doping methods that they expect to be capable of circumventing detection. With advances in gene transfer vector design and therapeutic gene transfer, and demonstrations of safety and therapeutic benefit in humans, there is an increased probability of the pursuit of gene doping by athletes. In anticipation of the potential for gene doping, assays have been established to directly detect complementary DNA of genes that are top candidates for use in doping, as well as vector control elements. The development of molecular assays that are capable of exposing gene doping in sports can serve as a deterrent and may also identify athletes who have illicitly used gene transfer for performance enhancement. PCR-based methods to detect foreign DNA with high reliability, sensitivity, and specificity include TaqMan real-time PCR, nested PCR, and internal threshold control PCR.