Electron-phonon interactions of Si100 and Ge100 superconductors with Ba atoms inside

The absolute density of states of isostructural Ba24Si100 and Ba24Ge100 near the Fermi level, which is very relevant for discussion on phonon-mediated superconductivity, is quantitatively evaluated to be 0.28 states eV?1/Ge atom and 0.18 states eV?1/Si atom by combining soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The energetics of the anharmonic motions of the endohedral Ba atoms are also discussed on the basis of the 4d-core-level spectra. The discussion based on these important physical parameters concludes that the unique electron-phonon interactions do not occur due to the local Jahn-Teller distortion of the fragile open cage structure in the phonon-mediated BCS formalism. Compounds with a rigid cage would be essential to give rise to anticipated unique interactions as a key ingredient favored for superconducting paring.     

Flavoenzyme-catalyzed atropo-selective n,c-bipyrrole homocoupling in marinopyrrole biosynthesis

Axially chiral biaryl compounds are frequently encountered in nature where they exhibit diverse biological properties. Many are biphenols that have C-C or C-O linkages installed by cytochrome P450 oxygenases that control the regio- and stereoselectivity of the intermolecular coupling reaction. In contrast, bipyrrole-coupling enzymology has not been observed. Marinopyrroles, produced by a marine-derived streptomycete, are the first 1,3'-bipyrrole natural products. On the basis of marinopyrrole's unusual bipyrrole structure, we explored its atropo-selective biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. CNQ-418 in order to elucidate the N,C-bipyrrole homocoupling enzymology. Through a series of genetic experiments involving the discovery and heterologous expression of marinopyrrole biosynthesis genes, we report that two flavin-dependent halogenases catalyze the unprecedented homocoupling reaction.     

Anamorphic Focusing Optical System for Laser-Diode-Array

A focusing optical system for a semiconductor laser-diode-array is described. The high-power array consists of a number of minuscule light sources (quantum wells) as well as a stratified structure, so that it requires several design techniques to focus as a pumping source for a laser-diode-pumped solid state laser. Some design techniques for such a focusing system are proposed with examples of the design of an anamorphic optical system.     

Investigations of optically pumped submillimeter wave laser modes

A complete theory for waveguide laser modes for oversized metallic and dielectric waveguides with circular cross section has been developed for the submm wavelength region. The experimental investigations have been done by a submm heterodyne technique for the first stage using a Schottky barrier diode in an open structure mixer.     

Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction ¹⁹⁷Au + ¹⁹⁷Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of ^3,4He and ^6,7Li isotopes and pairs of ^3,4He and H isotopes (p, d and d, t) yield consistent temperatures after feeding corrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most central collisions. The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously for projectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms the universality established for the spectator decayat relativistic bombarding energies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperatures predicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations a relation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which gives good simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations. The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at τ_lab = 150°, exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters much higher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model, because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yields light-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakup temperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematic behavior of the differences suggests that they are caused by light-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage.     

Highly Electrical Conductivity of Hybrid Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide and Amphiphilic Compounds

Abstract

Hybrid alternate layered films of transition metal dichalcogenides and amphiphilic compounds were prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The conductivity at room temperature depended on the transition metal dichalcogenide species, showing the highest value for the hybrid LB films of MoS₂ system. This methodology was successfully applied to the fabrication of the hybrid LB films using various organic amphiphiles such as cyanine dyes, phthalocyanines, azobenzene, and ferrocene derivatives. The conductivity depended on the interlayer spacing: the conductivity decreased with increasing interlayer spacing of the film. The highest electrical conductivity of the hybrid LB films was over 100 Scm^?.