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81.
We consider difficult combinatorial optimization problems arising in transportation logistics when one is interested in optimizing
both the routing of vehicles and the loading of goods into them. The separate problems (routing and loading) are already NP\mathcal{NP}-hard, and very difficult to solve in practice. A fortiori their combination is extremely challenging and stimulating. Although
the specific literature is still quite limited, a first attempt to a systematic view of this field can be useful both to academic
researchers and to practitioners. We review vehicle routing problems with two- and three-dimensional loading constraints.
Other combinations of routing and special loading constraints arising from industrial applications are also considered. 相似文献
82.
Tsuyoshi Oshima Iori Yamanaka Anupriya Kumar Junichiro Yamaguchi Taeko Nishiwaki‐Ohkawa Kei Muto Rika Kawamura Tsuyoshi Hirota Kazuhiro Yagita Stephan Irle Steve A. Kay Takashi Yoshimura Kenichiro Itami 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,127(24):7299-7303
The synthesis and functional analysis of KL001 derivatives, which are modulators of the mammalian circadian clock, are described. By using cutting‐edge C H activation chemistry, a focused library of KL001 derivatives was rapidly constructed, which enabled the identification of the critical sites on KL001 derivatives that induce a rhythm‐changing activity along with the components that trigger opposite modes of action. The first period‐shortening molecules that target the cryptochrome (CRY) were thus discovered. Detailed studies on the effects of these compounds on CRY stability implicate the existence of an as yet undiscovered regulatory mechanism. 相似文献
83.
Hsi WC Kunde GJ Pochodzalla J Lynch WG Tsang MB Begemann-Blaich ML Bowman DR Charity RJ Cosmo F Ferrero A Gelbke CK Glasmacher T Hofmann T Imme G Iori I Hubele J Kempter J Kreutz P Kunze WD Lindenstruth V Lisa MA Lynen U Mang M Moroni A Müller WF Neumann M Ocker B Ogilvie CA Peaslee GF Raciti G Rosenberger F Sann H Scardaoni R Schüttauf A Schwarz C Seidel W Serfling V Sobotka LG Stuttge L Tomasevic S Trautmann W Tucholski A Williams C Wörner A Zwieglinski B 《Physical review letters》1994,73(25):3367-3370
84.
Tetsuya Ishida Makoto Sakakibara Yoshio Ueno Kan-Ichi Hasegawa 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1989,26(3):785-788
The condensation of 2-bromo- or 2, 6-dibromo-4, 8-bis(alkylamino)-1, 5-naphthoquinones with zinc 2-amino-benzeneselenolates gave 1, 5-bis(alkylamino)-4H-benzo[a]phenoselenazin-4-one and the 3- and/or 10-substituted compounds. These phenoselenazone derivatives absorb nearly infrared light and can be used as optical recording media for a laser beam. 相似文献
85.
A Nakamura S Nagai T Ueda N Murakami J Sakakibara H Shibuya I Kitagawa 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》1991,39(7):1726-1730
Monensylglycine (2a) was lactonized to macrocyclic monensylglycine-1,29-lactone (3a) by Corey's method. Lactonization of monensylamino acids (2b--d) to monensylamino acid-1,29-lactones (3b--d) was carried out by utilizing the template effect of K+ ion. Monobenzyl esters of dicarboxylic monensylamino acids (5e--f) also were lactonized followed by debenzylation to yield carboxylic monensylamino acid-1,29-lactones (3e--f). Sodium ion transport activity of monensin (1) and the lactones (3) was measured in a liquid membrane and in guinea pig erythrocyte membrane. Monensylaspartic acid-1,29-lactone (3e) exhibited 2.5 times higher activity than 1 in the liquid membrane. Monensylalanine-1,29-lactone (3b), monensylphenylalanine-1,29-lactone (3c), and monensyltyrosine-1,29-lactone (3d), having smaller Na+ ion transport activity than 3e, showed weak antibacterial activity, while 3e was inactive in biological tests, probably due to the lower lipophilicity. 相似文献
86.
Iori Fukushima 《Tetrahedron letters》2007,48(10):1855-1858
2,2-Dilithiocyanocyclopropanes were easily generated from 2-bromo-2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)cyanocyclopropanes with tert-butyllithium in toluene at −78 °C through concomitant sulfoxide-lithium and bromine-lithium exchange reactions. The gem-dianions were found to be stable at −78 °C for at least 30 min. Reaction of the gem-dianions with electrophiles gave fully substituted cyanocyclopropanes in moderate yields. 相似文献
87.
A new acetylenic compound from the rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis and its absolute configuration
Nakai Y Sakakibara I Hirakura K Terabayashi S Takeda S 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2005,53(12):1580-1581
A new acetylenic compound "atractyloyne", (3S,4E,6E,12E)-1-isovaleryloxy-tetradeca-4,6,12-triene-8,10-diyne-3,14-diol (1) was isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (Compositae) together with a known compound (4E,6E,12E)-3-isovaleryloxy-tetradeca-4,6,12-triene-8,10-diyne-1,14-diol (2). These structures were determined on the basis of the spectroscopic data and chemical evidence, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by the modified 2-methoxy-2-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (MTPA) method. 相似文献
88.
Nagatsu A Sugitani T Mori Y Okuyama H Sakakibara J Mizukami H 《Natural product research》2004,18(3):231-239
A simple but novel compound, S-1-methoxy-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, was isolated as a moderately antioxidative compound from rape (Brassica campestris L. subsp. napus) oil cake together with 5 known compounds. Three of these compounds, indolacetonitrile, 4-hydroxyindolacetonitrile, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile, showed strong antioxidative activity evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate method. 相似文献
89.
The polymerization of 1,3-butadiene (BD) was carried out in the presence of a catalyst composed of neodymium 2-ethylhexanoate, triisobutyl aluminum, diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAH), ethylaluminum sesquichloride and acetylacetone. The molecular weight of the BR could be controlled with DIBAH. The reactive polymer was then chemically modified with styreneoxide (STO). The STO content of BR increased with the decrease in the molecular weight of the BR. This polymer was modified by the STO at the chain terminal end. The physical properties of the vulcanizates with the modified BR were measured. The abrasion resistance and the tensile strength were found to be improved. 相似文献
90.
Carlo Bicchi Chiara Cordero Cristina Iori Patrizia Rubiolo Pat Sandra 《Journal of separation science》2000,23(9):539-546
A new sampling technique, Headspace Sorptive Extraction (HSSE), is here applied for the first time to the headspace sampling of medicinal and aromatic plants. The analyte partition coefficient between HSSE‐PDMS stir bar and sample headspace (K1), the concentration factor (CF), the reproducibility, and the minimum recoverable amount were determined by analyzing standard solution of high volatility C5–C7 compounds with different polarities and structures (cyclohexane, propyl acetate, hexanal, 1‐hexen‐3‐ol, isoamyl acetate, and 2‐heptanol). Four aromatic and medicinal plants, viz. rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) were analyzed by HSSE‐GC with PDMS stir bars, and their concentration capacity was compared with those of S‐HS and HS‐SPME with different fibers. HSSE showed very high concentration capability with both standard and real sample components. 相似文献