On some pro-p groups from infinite-dimensional Lie theory

We study some pro- \(p\) -groups arising from infinite-dimensional Lie theory. The starting point is incomplete Kac–Moody groups over finite fields. There are various completion procedures always providing locally pro- \(p\) groups. We show topological finite generation for their pro- \(p\) Sylow subgroups in most cases, whatever the (algebraic, geometric or representation-theoretic) completion. This implies abstract simplicity for complete Kac–Moody groups and provides identifications of the pro- \(p\) groups obtained from the same incomplete group. We also discuss the question of (non-)linearity of these pro- \(p\) groups.     

Activation of a CH bond in polypyridine systems by acetyl hypofluorite made from F2

Activation of the relatively inactive polypyridine backbone with strong electrophilic fluorine, originating from acetyl hypofluorite (AcOF) enables attack of the acetoxy moiety at the α position to the heteroatom. Derivatives of bipyridine, phenanthroline and terpyridine systems have been acetoxylated or oxygenated within a few minutes usually in very good yields.     

Reaction of N-trimethylsilyl derivatives of amides and lactams with chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylstannane: Crystal and molecular structure of 1-(chlorodimethylstannylmethyl)-2-piperidone

A general scheme of reactions between chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylstannane and N-trimethylsilylamides and -lactams was established by NMR and IR techniques. The reactions proceed via transmetallation followed by transformation of the N-stannylated intermediate (1) into (N-Sn)-coordinated O-stannylmethyl (2) and (O-Sn)-coordinated N-stannylmethyl (3) derivatives. In the cases of 2-piperidone and 2-hexahydroazepinone these products were isolated as individual compounds (2b,c and 3b,c). X-ray diffraction study of 1-(chlorodimethylstannylmethyl)-2-piperidone (3b) confirmed (3 + 2)-coordination state of the tin atom and axial positions of oxygen and halogen atoms. The experimental and quantum-chemically calculated structural parameters are discussed in comparison with those of related trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) silicon, germanium and tin derivatives. Calculation at the MP2/LanL2DZ/D95 level reveals that the stability of the (O-M)chelates increases in the following order: (O-Si) < (O-Ge) < (O-Sn).     

Microscale analysis of proteins in inner ear tissues and fluids with emphasis on endolymphatic sac, otoconia, and organ of Corti

Here we describe preparatory techniques adapted for the study of proteins of inner ear tissues and fluids that have allowed us to apply state-of-the-art analytical techniques in spite of the minute size and anatomical complexities of this organ. Illustrative examples address unresolved issues of functional and clinical significance. First, we demonstrate how quick-freezing and freeze drying prevents artifacts that arise from sampling endolymphatic sac (ES) content in the liquid state. This set the stage for the generation of the first protein profile of the ES. Identification of crucial proteins will help elucidate mechanisms of endolymph volume regulation and pathogenesis of Meniere's disease. Second, we show how a unique situation allowed identification of otoconial proteins by mass spectrometric analysis without prior separation and we discuss possible roles for these minor otoconins in otoconial development and prevention of degenerative diseases that affect balance. Finally, we demonstrate techniques for the precise dissection of organ of Corti and its substructures, while preserving their near normal chemical state. We extended an earlier study in which we identified a novel calcium-binding protein by IEF, oncomodulin, localized in the outer hair cells and show here the applicability of prefractionation for the screening of calcium-binding proteins of organ of Corti. These studies demonstrate how advanced preparatory and analytical techniques can be applied to studies of the inner ear.     

Fluorous modification of 2,2′-bipyridine

A series of 2,2′-bipyridines featuring fluorinated alkyl groups [(CH₂)₃(CF₂)_xCF₃: x = 0, (1); 5, (2); 7, (3); 9 (4)] appended in the 4 and 4′ positions have been prepared. 1-4 were characterized by spectroscopy and physical methods including partition coefficient (biphase: perfluoromethylcyclohexane/toluene) and cyclic voltammetry (THF). Ab-initio calculations of vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) for 1-4 confirm the insulating role of the methylene spacers as the electrochemical reduction potentials of 1-4 are almost identical to that of 2,2′-bipyridine. Calculations for (CH₂)_nCF₃ derivatives (n = 0-10) describe a limit for impact of the CF₃ group through 9-10 methylenes. From both physical and theoretical data fluorinated alkyl groups of the formula (CH₂)₃(CF₂)_xCF₃ [x = 0-9] are inductively equivalent to a hydrogen substituent when appended to the bipyridine moiety.     

A Quantum Chemical Study of Bismuth Compounds Thermodynamic Properties and Configuration of Pentacoordinated Organobismuth Molecules

By the PM3 method, standard values of entropy, heats, and free energies of formation have been computed for a series of inorganic and organic bismuth compounds. Linear dependences P exper = b P theor (where P is any of the mentioned properties) have been stated, allowing a priori evaluation of thermodynamic characteristics of Bi-containing substances. A quantum chemical calculation reproduces well the adiabatic ionization potential of BiH 3 . Triphenyldichlorobismuth and triphenyldinitratobismuth existence in benzene solutions in the form of trigonal bipyramid with two axial chloro and nitrato ligands has been concluded.     

Arylboronic compounds – novel carriers for catecholamine selective membrane electrodes

Arylboronic acids are used as novel carriers for membrane electrodes suitable for direct potentiometric determination of the catecholamine drug dobutamine. The carriers are capable of binding diol groups of catecholamines; solvent extraction data confirm the formation of an 1?:?1 complex. For the electrode based on octyloxyphenylboronic acid, the slope of electrode function is S = 58 mV decade^–1; the detection limit is 1.7 · 10^–5 mol/L, the linear range 5 · 10^–4– 1 · 10^–2 mol/L, the response time 10–20 s. The results suggest the potential use of boronic carriers for the detection of biogenic catecholamines.     

Critical wave lengths and instabilities in gradient-enriched continuum theories

Continuum material models can be enriched with additional gradients in order to model phenomena that are driven by processes at lower levels of observation. For a systematic comparison of various gradient-enriched continua, dispersion analysis may be used. In this contribution, we will explore the occurence of critical wave lengths and its implications for the material stability. In particular, we will present a unifying theorem that permits to assess the stability of elastic, hardening and softening gradient-enriched continua by means of a critical wave length analysis, whereby the upper or lower bound nature of the critical wave length indicates whether the model is stable or unstable.