Dehydration reactions in the mass spectra of 13-podocarpen-12-ols and 12-podocarpen-14-ols

Electron impact induced dehydration of allylic cyclohexenols has been examined using 13-podocarpen-12-ols and 12-podocarpen-14-ols as model compounds. Deuterium labelling shows that ring cleavage prior to elimination of water is the principal dehydration route, whereas transannular 1,3 and 1,4 reactions account for only minor portions of the [M?18]⁺? and [M?33]⁺ ion currents.     

Use of NMR in fish processing optimization: a review of recent progress

The goal of this review is to give an overview of general trends in the application of the NMR related to fish processing and quality and to provide some viewpoints on the current situation. Three novel examples of the application of the methodologies magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and low‐field NMR are also presented. The capability of these techniques to be utilized as a tool to optimize fish processing, and thereby improving product quality, as well as to confirm labelling information, are demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modular approach to novel chiral aryl-ferrocenyl phosphines by Suzuki cross-coupling

Two novel planar chiral and atropisomeric P,N and P,O aryl-ferrocenyl ligand systems have been developed. The strategy is short and involves a new synthetic approach to aryl-ferrocenyl compounds via a Suzuki cross-coupling procedure. The modular design can easily give access to variety of chiral mono- and bidentate ligands. Two simple derivatives of a novel chiral bidenate P,N ligand belonging to the MOPF family have been synthesized and tested in the enantioselective copper-catalyzed addition of diethyl zinc to an enone and a "difficult" diester. Moderate to excellent yields and enantioselectivities up to 58% were obtained using 1 mol % Cu(OTf)(2) and 1.5 mol % chiral ligand.     

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some aromatic diterpenoids

¹³C n.m.r. studies of a series of tricarbocyclic ring C aromatic diterpenoids using proton-noise and single-frequency off-resonance decoupling, partially relaxed Fourier transform techniques, shift reagents and specifically labelled derivatives have permitted unequivocal assignments of almost all signals. The shieldings caused by oxygenation of C-18 and C-19 and by introduction of various substituents in the aromatic ring are discussed. It is concluded that the ¹³C n.m.r. data are sufficiently characteristic to allow stereochemical assignments. Some effects of deuterium substitution on the carbon resonances are presented.     

Immunosensing based on site-directed immobilization of antibody fragments and polymers that reduce nonspecific binding

Antibody Fab'-fragments can be directly coupled onto gold, and the space between the fragments can be filled with protein repellent disulfide bearing polymers. Coupling of the antibody Fab'-fragments, and thus both the amount of nonspecific binding and antigen binding but also the ability to regenerate the layer, is dependent on the immobilization procedure. First, the immobilization has taken place by coupling the Fab'-fragments to the surface and thereafter attaching the polymer in the remaining space between the antibodies. Second, the Fab'-fragments have been added after the surface has been coated by polymer. Third, the Fab'-fragments and polymer have been added onto the surface from the same solution. Up to 80% of the antigen could be removed during regeneration, if proper concentrations of polymer and Fab'-fragments were immobilized onto the gold surface. Only about 60% of the antigen could be removed, when the fragments were coupled directly onto a clean Au surface before the polymer or if low concentrations of polymer were attached onto gold before the Fab'-fragments. The first immobilization method, however, showed the highest response to antigen.     

Isolation and molecular structure of hexacyanoruthenate(III)

The [Ru(CN)(6)](3-) ion is synthesized in aqueous solution and isolated as [Ph(4)As](3)[Ru(CN)(6)].2H(2)O (1). Compound 1 crystallizes as orange needles in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with cell parameters a = 11.346(2) A, b = 23.107(5) A, c = 25.015(5) A, beta = 99.55(3) degrees, V = 6467.1(22) A(3), Z = 4. The octahedral anion has Ru-C bond lengths in the range 2.023(6)-2.066(6) A. DFT calculations reproduce experimental geometries for [M(CN)(6)](3-) (M = Fe, Ru) equally well and yield significantly higher spin densities on the cyanide ligands in [M(CN)(6)](3-) (M = Ru, Os) than in [Fe(CN)(6)](3-).     

Application of 2d-nmr spectroscopy in the structural determination of a new tobacco cembranoid

Proton-proton shift correlated 2D-NMR spectroscopy has been used to determine the structure of a new tobacco cembranoid as (1$\text{S}$,2$\text{E}$,4$\text{S}$,6$\text{R}$,7$\text{E}$)-4,6-dihy-droxy-2,7,12(20)-cembratrien-11-one (1). This assignment has been verified by chemical means.     

Apparent molar heat capacities and volumes of aqueous electrolytes at 25°C: Cd(ClO4)2, Ca(ClO4)2, Co(ClO4)2, Mn(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, and Zn(ClO4)2

We have used a flow calorimeter and a flow densimeter for measurements leading to apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of aqueous solutions of Cd(ClO₄)₂, Ca(ClO₄)₂, Co(ClO₄)₂, Mn(ClO₄)₂, Ni(ClO₄)₂, and Zn(ClO₄)₂. The resulting apparent molar quantities have been extrapolated to infinite dilution to obtain the corresponding standardstate apparent and partial molar heat capacities and volumes. These latter values have been used for calculation of conventional ionic heat capacities and volumes.