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81.
82.
    
We investigate the possibility for optically exciting and electrically detecting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a set‐up fully compatible with complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor that consists of a silicon pin‐diode. A grating in the aluminum electrode of the pin‐diode is intended to enable the optical excitation of SPPs at the interface between the aluminum metallization and the SiO2‐passivation of the diode. When the SPP propagates towards the pin‐diode and excites electron–hole pairs, it can be detected on the basis of the resulting photocurrent. We report on preliminary results obtained with scanning photocurrent microscopy with three different laser wavelengths (458, 512, and 633 nm).  相似文献   
83.
    
Carrier confinement in Ge dots in a Si matrix has a large influence on electronic and optical properties. These dots, therefore, continue to be of interest for potential device applications. For this, the control over dot geometry, position, composition, and strain is a necessary prerequisite. Ge dots that are deposited on substrates with previously defined nucleation sites, as obtained by a patterning of the substrate, have been at the focus of a number of experimental investigations these last years, precisely because they seem to be suited for incorporation into electronic and optical devices. We review recent results in this research area that are e.g., concerned with analysing the influence of the available patterning and growth parameters on the dots and give an overview of recent developments in device applications.  相似文献   
84.
    
In this work mixed hybrid phospholipid bilayers (mhBLM) were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) films. Two component silane-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on FTO surface trigger vesicle fusion and formation of mhBLMs which are stable, can be easily regenerated, and therefore, used for multiple experiments. We found that certain chemical and physical conditions under which mixed SAMs are fabricated translate into functional properties of mhBLMs. In all cases we observed interaction of melittin with mhBLMs demonstrating biological relevance of these biomimetic surface constructs and their possible application in biosensors for toxin detection.  相似文献   
85.
    
In an effort to control the electronic and mechanical interaction between an inorganic surface and a defined polymeric coating, we present a new and easy method of a cellulose-based hybrid formation. We used Schweizer's reagent, a specific copper ammonia hydroxide-based solvent for cotton dissolution and found the optimal concentration for the formation of photosensitive uniform cellulose coating on titania, TiO2-cellulose coating and free-standing hybrid. Photomobility, the material mobility induced by light, of a cellulose layer on a titania surface and of a TiO2-cellulose hybrid on a silicon wafer has been studied. This can be used for photohealing, and the most promising system is the one that can be healed with light due to in situ activation of titania nanoparticles assembled on cellulose fibers in a hydrogel. The interfacial contact between titania particles and fiber is important for local transport of electrons and ions, thus the most promising system was obtained by in situ synthesis of titania nanoparticles on cellulose dispersed in Schweizer's reagent. We propose that cellulose coatings on titania surface and free-standing hybrids can be applicable for a wide range of photochemical devices: films for optics, drug delivery systems, and inks for printing of biologically relevant lab-on-chips.https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/119/38003  相似文献   
86.
    
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with size exclusion (SEC) separation function was used to isolate and examine the molecular mass (MM) distributions and polydispersity of humic substances (HSs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from mineral soils and peats. The aim was to improve their detailed characterisation and to inform of their soil carbon (C) sequestration and environmental quality. This is the first study conducted in Lithuania in which HSs and DOM, separated from two soil types, have been used to characterise soil at the molecular level. The HPLC-SEC, as a separation method, was coupled with diode-array detection (DAD), thus enabling the separation of molecular fractions. Results showed that HPLC-SEC can be used to determine the MM of HSs in soil, provided that the relation between retention time and MM is known and a suitable method for fitting the HS peak is available. The UV-spectra analysis showed that DOM has a larger MM (Mw = 2439–3436 Da), which contains more aliphatic C. The HS fraction has a smaller MM (Mw = 2776 Da), with aromatic structures that reflect a higher aromaticity. Separated fractions had characteristic MMs of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) and DOM. The HSs separated from peat samples were characterised by higher aromaticity, humification and stability. The HSs extracted from mineral soil samples showed a higher degradability level. The results also show the MM distribution and polydispersity of HS and DOM fractions (Mw/Mn = 1.009–1.252) are relatively homogenous in both soil types. Findings confirm that chromatographic and spectrometric parameters can be used for characterisation of both HSs and DOM, and for detecting changes in organic matter quality. Moreover, they can also be used for a further understanding the C-cycle and could be applied for enhancing soil C-sequestration and informing environmental quality management.  相似文献   
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88.
    
The swelling with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐CO2) of thin films of polyimides having various structures was investigated. It was shown that the degree of swelling is significantly influenced by the solvent which was used for the synthesis of those polyimides, by the solvent which was used for the preparation of thin films and by the conformational rigidity of the polymers. The presence of hexafluoroisopropylidene groups in the main chain of a polymer prevents its swelling with sc‐CO2. The best results were obtained for polyimide film ULTEM, based on m‐phenylene‐diamine and isopropylidene‐diphenoxy‐bis(phthalic anhydride), synthesized in benzoic acid, whose free volume increased twice and its dielectric constant decreased from 3.15 to 2.45 by swelling with sc‐CO2. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
89.
90.

Background  

Dysphagia is a major complication of different diseases affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. Pharyngeal sensory impairment is one of the main features of neurogenic dysphagia. Therefore an objective technique to examine the cortical processing of pharyngeal sensory input would be a helpful diagnostic tool in this context. We developed a simple paradigm to perform pneumatic stimulation to both sides of the pharyngeal wall. Whole-head MEG was employed to study changes in cortical activation during this pharyngeal stimulation in nine healthy subjects. Data were analyzed by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) and the group analysis of individual SAM data was performed using a permutation test.  相似文献   
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