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21.
Niko Kivel Dorothea Schumann Ines Günther-Leopold 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(9):2965-2972
In many scientific fields, the half-life of radionuclides plays an important role. The accurate knowledge of this parameter has direct impact on, e.g., age determination of archeological artifacts and of the elemental synthesis in the universe. In order to derive the half-life of a long-lived radionuclide, the activity and the absolute number of atoms have to be analyzed. Whereas conventional radiation measurement methods are typically applied for activity determinations, the latter can be determined with high accuracy by mass spectrometric techniques. Over the past years, the half-lives of several radionuclides have been specified by means of multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) complementary to the earlier reported values mainly derived by accelerator mass spectrometry. The present paper discusses all critical aspects (amount of material, radiochemical sample preparation, interference correction, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, calculation of measurement uncertainty) for a precise analysis of the number of atoms by MC-ICP-MS exemplified for the recently published half-life determination of $^{60}$ Fe (Rugel et al, Phys Rev Lett 103:072502, 2009). 相似文献
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Ines Belhaj-Ben Romdhane Zamen Ben Romdhane Maha Bouzid Ali Gargouri Hafedh Belghith 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2013,171(8):1986-2002
Waste frying oil, which not only harms people’s health but also causes environmental pollution, can be a good alternative to partially substitute petroleum diesel through transesterification reaction. This oil contained 8.8 % of free fatty acids, which cause a problem in a base-catalyzed process. In this study, synthesis of biodiesel was efficiently catalyzed by the covalently immobilized Talaromyces thermophilus lipase and allowed bioconversion yield up to 92 % after 24 h of reaction time. The optimal molar ratio was four to six parts of methanol to one part of oil with a biocatalyst loaded of 25 wt.% of oil. Further, experiments revealed that T. thermophilus lipase, immobilized by a multipoint covalent liaison onto activated chitosan via a short spacer (glutaraldehyde), was sufficiently tolerant to methanol. In fact, using the stepwise addition of methanol, no significant difference was observed from the one-step whole addition at the start of reaction. The batch biodiesel synthesis was performed in a fixed bed reactor with a lipase loaded of 10 g. The bioconversion yield of 98 % was attained after a 5-h reaction time. The bioreactor was operated successfully for almost 150 h without any changes in the initial conversion yield. Most of the chemical and physical properties of the produced biodiesel meet the European and USA standard specifications of biodiesel fuels. 相似文献
25.
Robert Behmüller Ines C. Forstenlehner Raimund Tenhaken Christian G. Huber 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(13):3229-3237
An analytical workflow was developed for the absolute quantification of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugars in plant material in order to compare their metabolism both in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and mutated plants (ugd2,3) possessing genetic alterations within the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase genes involved in UDP-sugar metabolism. UDP-sugars were extracted from fresh plant material by chloroform-methanol-water extraction and further purified by solid-phase extraction with a porous graphitic carbon adsorbent with extraction efficiencies between 80?±?5 % and 90?±?5 %. Quantitative determination of the UDP-sugars was accomplished through HPLC separation with a porous graphitic carbon column (HypercarbTM) which was interfaced to electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The problem of instable retention times due to redox processes on the stationary phase were circumvented by grounding of the column effluent and incorporation of a column regeneration procedure using acetonitrile-water containing 0.10 % trifluoroacetic acid. The method was calibrated using external calibration and UDP as internal standard. Calibration functions were approximated by first- or second-order regression analysis for concentrations spanning three orders of magnitude. Upon injecting sample volumes of 2.65 μL, the limits of detection for the UDP-sugars were in the 70 nmol L?1 range. Six different UDP-sugars, including UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-arabinose, UDP-xylose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and UDP-galacturonic acid were found in concentrations of 0.4 to 38 μg/g plant material. Data evaluation by analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences in UDP-sugar concentrations between wild-type and mutant plants, which were found to conclusively mirror the impaired metabolic pathways in the mutant plants. Figure
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26.
Ines ELBini-Dhouib Raoudha Doghri Amenallah Ellefi Imen Degrach Najet Srairi-Abid Asma Gati 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(10)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia. Despite research efforts, currently there are no effective pharmacotherapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of AD. Recently, numerous studies highlighted the beneficial effects of curcumin (CUR), a natural polyphenol, in the neuroprotection. Especially, its dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attracted the interest of researchers. In fact, besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, this biomolecule is not degraded in the intestinal tract. Additionally, CUR is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and could therefore to be used to treat neurodegenerative pathologies associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The present study aimed to assess the ability of CUR to induce neuronal protective and/or recovery effects on a rat model of neurotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3), which mimics the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease. Our results showed that treatment with CUR enhances pro-oxidant levels, antioxidant enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and decreases apoptotic cells in AlCl3-exposed hippocampus rats. Additionally, histopathological analysis of hippocampus revealed the potential of CUR in decreasing the hallmarks in the AlCl3-induced AD. We also showed that CUR post-treatment significantly improved the behavioral, oxidative stress and inflammation in AlCl3-exposed rats. Taken together, our data presented CUR as a nutraceutical potential through its protective effects that are more interesting than recovery ones in sporadic model of AD. 相似文献
27.
Dipl.‐Chem. Hilke Wolf Dr. Dirk Leusser Dr. Mads R. V. Jørgensen Dr. Regine Herbst‐Irmer Dr. Yu‐Sheng Chen Dr. Ernst‐Wilhelm Scheidt Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Scherer Prof. Dr. Bo B. Iversen Prof. Dr. Dietmar Stalke 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(23):7048-7053
In this contribution, the solid‐state low‐temperature phase structure of [2,2]‐paracyclophane is unambiguously characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Additionally, a heat capacity measurement was undertaken, which proves the existence of a λ‐type phase transition at 45 K, a transition that is connected with the formation of a secondary Cp/T feature at 60 K. The low‐temperature phase (<45 K) crystallises in the lower symmetry space group P$\bar 4$ n2, whereas the high‐temperature phase (>60 K) crystallises in space group P42/mnm. This proves what has been postulated both by experimental and theoretical chemists but has repeatedly been dismissed as speculation many times. 相似文献
28.
Platinum‐Promoted Ga/Al2O3 as Highly Active,Selective, and Stable Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Propane 下载免费PDF全文
Jesper J. H. B. Sattler Dr. Ines D. Gonzalez‐Jimenez Dr. Lin Luo Brien A. Stears Dr. Andrzej Malek Dr. David G. Barton Dr. Beata A. Kilos Dr. Mark P. Kaminsky Tiny W. G. M. Verhoeven Eline J. Koers Prof. Dr. Marc Baldus Prof. Dr. Bert M. Weckhuysen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(35):9251-9256
A novel catalyst material for the selective dehydrogenation of propane is presented. The catalyst consists of 1000 ppm Pt, 3 wt % Ga, and 0.25 wt % K supported on alumina. We observed a synergy between Ga and Pt, resulting in a highly active and stable catalyst. Additionally, we propose a bifunctional active phase, in which coordinately unsaturated Ga3+ species are the active species and where Pt functions as a promoter. 相似文献
29.
Determination of organophosphate pesticides at a carbon nanotube/organophosphorus hydrolase electrochemical biosensor 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Randhir Prakash Deo Joseph Wang Ines Block Ashok Mulchandani Kanchan A. Joshi Marek Trojanowicz Fritz Scholz Wilfred Chen Yuehe Lin 《Analytica chimica acta》2005,530(2):185-189
An amperometric biosensor for oganophosphorus (OP) pesticides based on a carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified transducer and an organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) biocatalyst is described. A bilayer approach with the OPH layer atop of the CNT film was used for preparing the CNT/OPH biosensor. The CNT layer leads to a greatly improved anodic detection of the enzymatically generated p-nitrophenol product, including higher sensitivity and stability. The sensor performance was optimized with respect to the surface modification and operating conditions. Under the optimal conditions the biosensor was used to measure as low as 0.15 μM paraoxon and 0.8 μM methyl parathion with sensitivities of 25 and 6 nA/μM, respectively. 相似文献
30.
Ines Baer Beatriz de la Calle Philip Taylor 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,396(1):443-456
This review gives an overview of current knowledge about 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) formation and detection. Although
3-MCPD is often mentioned with regard to soy sauce and acid-hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP), and much research has been
done in that area, the emphasis here is placed on other foods. This contaminant can be found in a great variety of foodstuffs
and is difficult to avoid in our daily nutrition. Despite its low concentration in most foods, its carcinogenic properties
are of general concern. Its formation is a multivariate problem influenced by factors such as heat, moisture and sugar/lipid
content, depending on the type of food and respective processing employed. Understanding the formation of this contaminant
in food is fundamental to not only preventing or reducing it, but also developing efficient analytical methods of detecting
it. Considering the differences between 3-MCPD-containing foods, and the need to test for the contaminant at different levels
of food processing, one would expect a variety of analytical approaches. In this review, an attempt is made to provide an
up-to-date list of available analytical methods and to highlight the differences among these techniques. Finally, the emergence
of 3-MCPD esters and analytical techniques for them are also discussed here, although they are not the main focus of this
review. 相似文献