全文获取类型
收费全文 | 133082篇 |
免费 | 25017篇 |
国内免费 | 17150篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 83935篇 |
晶体学 | 1221篇 |
力学 | 6795篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
数学 | 19630篇 |
物理学 | 63646篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1088篇 |
2022年 | 1197篇 |
2021年 | 1360篇 |
2020年 | 1696篇 |
2019年 | 2197篇 |
2018年 | 2855篇 |
2017年 | 3137篇 |
2016年 | 3912篇 |
2015年 | 3900篇 |
2014年 | 3808篇 |
2013年 | 7318篇 |
2012年 | 8063篇 |
2011年 | 9787篇 |
2010年 | 11518篇 |
2009年 | 11398篇 |
2008年 | 6757篇 |
2007年 | 6239篇 |
2006年 | 5547篇 |
2005年 | 5811篇 |
2004年 | 6271篇 |
2003年 | 5101篇 |
2002年 | 4633篇 |
2001年 | 4142篇 |
2000年 | 3228篇 |
1999年 | 3143篇 |
1998年 | 2628篇 |
1997年 | 2408篇 |
1996年 | 2850篇 |
1995年 | 3067篇 |
1994年 | 3223篇 |
1993年 | 3284篇 |
1992年 | 2872篇 |
1991年 | 2462篇 |
1990年 | 2132篇 |
1989年 | 2220篇 |
1988年 | 2139篇 |
1987年 | 1437篇 |
1986年 | 1461篇 |
1985年 | 1292篇 |
1984年 | 1400篇 |
1983年 | 653篇 |
1982年 | 1288篇 |
1981年 | 1113篇 |
1980年 | 1093篇 |
1979年 | 841篇 |
1978年 | 851篇 |
1977年 | 886篇 |
1976年 | 1352篇 |
1973年 | 708篇 |
1972年 | 649篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
Summary N-Benzoylphenylhydroxylarnine complexes of some metals have been investigated by HPLC. The green chromium complex formed by this reagent shows conclusive evidence of the presence of geometrical isomers. It is photosensitive and changes to a brown modification when irradiated with ultra violet or visible light. Elution behaviour of the complexes has been studied with different solvent mixtures. Attempts have been made to characterize the complexes from different measurements.
Untersuchung von isomeren Chrom-N-benzoylphenylhydroxylaminaten durch HPLC相似文献
222.
Anupama Chaurasia Krishna K. Verma 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1995,351(2-3):335-337
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine has been suggested as a new reagent for the flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of residual chlorine based on its oxidation to 2,4-dinitrophenyldiazonium ion. The measurement of the decrease in colour intensity under reversed flow-injection (reagent injection) conditions has been used for the determination of 0.1–10 mg/l Cl present as free or combined chlorine, and for its speciation. The limit of detection was 0.05 mg/l Cl. Copper (II), iron (III) and many other ions have been found not to vitiate the results. 相似文献
223.
Richard A. Cairncross Jeffrey G. Becker Shri Ramaswamy Ryan O'Connor 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,131(1-3):774-785
Management of moisture penetration and hydrolytic degradation of polylactide (PLA) is extremely important during the manufacturing,
shipping, storage, and end-use of PLA products. Moisture transport, crystallization, and degradation, in PLA have been measured
through a variety of experimental techniques including size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and
X-ray diffraction. Quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic vapor sorption experiments have also been used to measure moisture
sorption isotherms in PLA films with varying crystallinity. A surprising result is that, within the accuracy of the experiments,
crystalline and amorphous PLA films exhibit identical sorption isotherms. 相似文献
224.
V. Raneva Tz. Ivanova R. Verger I. Panaiotov 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》1995,3(6):357-369
A detailed kinetic model describing the surface transformation of spread liposomes along with their enzymatic hydrolysis was developed. The model was applied to the hydrolysis of the long-chain phosphatidylcholine generating reaction products which remain at the interface and to medium-chain substrates from which the products desorb rapidly into the bulk phase. The overall kinetic constants of the hydrolysis in liposomal systems were compared with those obtained with monolayers under barostatic conditions. The values of the interfacial Michaelis-Menten constant were estimated. 相似文献
225.
The problem of transforming a linear dynamical system in the neighbourhood of a state of equilibrium [1,2] is solved using the special problem of the damping of the system by controls of minimum intensity after a finite time interval. The possibility of using other problems of optimal control is discussed. The main attention is devoted to constructing algorithms of the operation of a device (a stabilizer) which is able, in real time, to generate a stabilizing control circulating in the closed optimal system when unknown perturbations operate constantly [3, 4]. The proposed method is based on the constructive theory of optimal control [5, 6]. Another form of this theory for solving the problem of stabilization is presented in [7](see also [8]). 相似文献
226.
Solid conversion has been of much interest to research workers and the Cumulative Gas Concentration Method (CGCM) has been developed to provide bounds for the reactant solid in irreversible systems having power-law type kinetics. This CGCM is used in conjunction with the Pseudo-Steady-State (PSS) assumption and these bounds appear to be good under certain conditions and for long times.
In this work, the PSS condition is not assumed when deriving the bounds on the cumulative gas concentration and the effect of the inclusion of the transient part is analysed. A technique, based on an iterative scheme incorporating the CGCM, is developed to provide improved estimates for the reactant solid. 相似文献
227.
Roland Omnès 《Foundations of Physics》1995,25(4):605-629
A rather recent interpretation of quantum mechanics, known under the various names of consistent histories, decohering histories, or logical interpretation, has brought interpretation into a standard deductive theory and is now investigated in many places. A key difference with the Copenhagen interpretation is the status of classical physics, now derived completely from quantum principles in both its dynamical and logical aspects. After describing briefly this new interpretation in its essentials, leaving aside technical details, it is shown how its consequences in epistemology differ drastically from the familiar outcomes of the Copenhagen interpretation, leading in particular to a well-defined theory of knowledge. Some more speculative philosophical consequences associated with the unsolved problem of actuality are also mentioned. 相似文献
228.
This paper discusses recent trends in the field of reverse engineering, particularly those highlighted at the Second Working
Conference on Reverse Engineering, held in July 1995. The trends observed include increased orientation toward tasks, grounding
in complex real-world applications, guidance from empirical study, analysis of non-code sources, and increased formalization.
The paper also summarizes open research issues and provides pointers to future events and sources of information in this area. 相似文献
229.
J.P. Contour A. Défossez D. Ravelosona A. Abert P. Ziemann 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1996,100(2):185-190
An energy model has been used to calculate the critical thickness h c of YBaCuO thin films and YBaCuO based superlattices within an isotropic or anisotropic approximation. The critical thickness of single layers calculated from the anisotropic model (16 nm) is in good agreement with the previously published experimental values which are spread out from 4 to 20 nm. In the case of superlattices, relaxation appears to be governed by the critical thickness of the elementary sub-layers and is then better evaluated through the calculation performed for YBaCuO single layers. XRD measurements on YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3?xGaxO7 superlattices grown on {100{ SrTiO3 have evidenced a tetragonal stress in the YBaCuO ab plane which remains expanded when the YBaCuO elementary layer thickness is lower than 4.8 nm (4 YBaCuO cells). However the critical temperature of the shortest period superlattices is only slightly affected by this expanded stress in contrast to the effect of an elastic stress externally applied along the ab plane of YBaCuO thin films. 相似文献
230.
H. M. Ortner H. H. Xu J. Dahmen K. Englert H. Opfermann W. Görtz 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,355(5-6):657-664
Surface characterization of new unused PTFE, PFA and PVDF labware has been carried out by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry and atomic force microscopy. It has been found that in spite of higher micro-roughness, PFA exhibits the lowest nano-roughness and hence seems best suited as vessel material for relatively mild pressureless chemical operations for sample preparation of ultrapure substances, as container material for storage of ultrapure liquids, and for transport of such liquids, e.g., from the producer in the chemical to the end user in the microelectronics industry. This suitability refers only to the surface quality of the investigated materials. PTFE-surfaces, due to the sintering process of production, exhibit the most unfavourable surface quality of the investigated fluorinated polymers. 相似文献