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121.
122.
Boolean Delay Equations (BDEs) are semi-discrete dynamical models with Boolean-valued variables that evolve in continuous time. Systems of BDEs can be classified into conservative or dissipative, in a manner that parallels the classification of ordinary or partial differential equations. Solutions to certain conservative BDEs exhibit growth of complexity in time; such BDEs can be seen therefore as metaphors for biological evolution or human history. Dissipative BDEs are structurally stable and exhibit multiple equilibria and limit cycles, as well as more complex, fractal solution sets, such as Devil’s staircases and “fractal sunbursts.” All known solutions of dissipative BDEs have stationary variance. BDE systems of this type, both free and forced, have been used as highly idealized models of climate change on interannual, interdecadal and paleoclimatic time scales. BDEs are also being used as flexible, highly efficient models of colliding cascades of loading and failure in earthquake modeling and prediction, as well as in genetics. In this paper we review the theory of systems of BDEs and illustrate their applications to climatic and solid-earth problems. The former have used small systems of BDEs, while the latter have used large hierarchical networks of BDEs. We moreover introduce BDEs with an infinite number of variables distributed in space (“partial BDEs”) and discuss connections with other types of discrete dynamical systems, including cellular automata and Boolean networks. This research-and-review paper concludes with a set of open questions. 相似文献
123.
Ilya Bezkishko Vasily Miluykov Alexander Kataev Igor Litvinov Dmitry Krivolapov Oleg Sinyashin Evamarie Hey-Hawkins 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2008,693(21-22):3318-3320
1,2,3-Triphenylcyclopropenylphosphonium bromide reacts with sodium polyphosphides to give sodium 3,4,5-triphenyl-1,2-diphosphacyclopentadienide in high yield. 相似文献
124.
Based on the consideration of Boolean dynamics, it has been hypothesized that cell types may correspond to alternative attractors of a gene regulatory network. Recent stochastic Boolean network analysis, however, raised the important question concerning the stability of such attractors. In this paper a detailed numerical analysis is performed within the framework of Langevin dynamics. While the present results confirm that the noise is indeed an important dynamical element, the cell type as represented by attractors can still be a viable hypothesis. It is found that the stability of an attractor depends on the strength of noise related to the distance of the system to the bifurcation point and it can be exponentially stable depending on biological parameters. 相似文献
125.
Denis A. Svechkarev Ilya V. Bukatich Andrey O. Doroshenko 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2008,200(2-3):426-431
Two novel 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline moiety containing derivatives of 3-hydroxychromone were synthesized and studied by 1H NMR, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The prospects of practical application of these compounds exhibiting high solvatofluorochromism into analytical chemistry and biophysics as effective ratiometric polarity probes were discussed proceeding from the data on their fluorescent properties. 相似文献
126.
Bis-paddlewheel heterobimetallic complexes in which palladium(II) is connected to the rare-earth metals(III) [Pd(μ-OOCMe)4Ln(OH2)(μ,η2-OOCMe)]2 × 2HOOCMe (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb and Tm) by four acetate bridges were synthesised by the reaction of Pd3(μ-OOCMe)6 with the LnIII acetates. The tetraacetate-bridged complexes were unexpectedly found to be readily transformed by the stoichiometric amount of pivalic acid into the mono-paddlewheel tetrapivalate-bridged analogues in which the paddlewheel structure [Pd(μ-OOCR)4Ln] maintains as established by X-ray crystallography. The role of the intra- and intermolecular H-bonding in these complexes is discussed. 相似文献
127.
128.
Ilya N. Egorov Vladimir L. Rusinov Pavel A. Slepukhin Oleg N. Chupakhin 《Journal of chemical crystallography》2010,40(4):387-390
Abstract
The diastereoselective synthesis, NMR and X-ray structure of (S)-2-((S)-2-(N-Ts-amino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one—a potential antivirus agent are reported. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell parameters: a = 5.9259(6) ?, b = 9.6370(12) ?, c = 12.9541(9) ?, α = 109.210(9)°, β = 90.804(7)°, γ = 105.074(10)° and Z = 1. 相似文献129.
Hogben HJ Krzystyniak M Charnock GT Hore PJ Kuprov I 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2011,208(2):179-194
We introduce a software library incorporating our recent research into efficient simulation algorithms for large spin systems. Liouville space simulations (including symmetry, relaxation and chemical kinetics) of most liquid-state NMR experiments on 40+ spin systems can now be performed without effort on a desktop workstation. Much progress has also been made with improving the efficiency of ESR, solid state NMR and Spin Chemistry simulations. Spinach is available for download at http://spindynamics.org. 相似文献
130.
de Fouquieres P Schirmer SG Glaser SJ Kuprov I 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2011,212(2):412-417
We report some improvements to the gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) algorithm for optimal control of spin ensembles and other quantum systems. These include more accurate gradients, convergence acceleration using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton algorithm as well as faster control derivative calculation algorithms. In all test systems, the wall clock time and the convergence rates show a considerable improvement over the approximate gradient ascent. 相似文献