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91.
92.
Alexander A. Kokhanovsky Vladimir P. Budak Celine Cornet Minzheng Duan Claudia Emde Iosif L. Katsev Dmitriy A. Klyukov Sergey V. Korkin L. C-Labonnote Bernhard Mayer Qilong Min Teruyuki Nakajima Yoshifumi Ota Alexander S. Prikhach Vladimir V. Rozanov Tatsuya Yokota Eleonora P. Zege 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2010,111(12-13):1931-1946
In this paper seven vector radiative transfer codes are inter-compared for the case of underlying black surface. They include three techniques based on the discrete ordinate method (DOM), two Monte-Carlo methods, the successive orders scattering method, and a modified doubling-adding technique. It was found that all codes give very similar results. Therefore, we were able to produce benchmark results for the Stokes parameters both for reflected and transmitted light in the cases of molecular, aerosol and cloudy multiply scattering media. It was assumed that the single scattering albedo is equal to one. Benchmark results have been provided by several studies before, including Coulson et al. [22], Garcia and Siewert [7], [8], Wauben and Hovenier [10], and Natraj et al. [11] among others. However, the case of the elongated phase functions such as for a cloud and with a high angular resolution is presented here for the first time. Also in difference with other studies, we make inter-comparisons using several codes for the same input dataset, which enables us to quantify the corresponding errors more accurately. 相似文献
93.
Yoshifumi Ota Akiko Higurashi Tatsuya Yokota 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2010,111(6):878-894
A vector radiative transfer model has been developed for a coupled atmosphere-ocean system. The radiative transfer scheme is based on the discrete ordinate and matrix operator methods. The reflection/transmission matrices and source vectors are obtained for each atmospheric or oceanic layer through the discrete ordinate solution. The vertically inhomogeneous system is constructed using the matrix operator method, which combines the radiative interaction between the layers. This radiative transfer scheme is flexible for a vertically inhomogeneous system including the oceanic layers as well as the ocean surface. Compared with the benchmark results, the computational error attributable to the radiative transfer scheme has been less than 0.1% in the case of eight discrete ordinate directions. Furthermore, increasing the number of discrete ordinate directions has produced computations with higher accuracy. Based on our radiative transfer scheme, simulations of sun glint radiation have been presented for wavelengths of 670 nm and 1.6 μm. Results of simulations have shown reasonable characteristics of the sun glint radiation such as the strongly peaked, but slightly smoothed radiation by the rough ocean surface and depolarization through multiple scattering by the aerosol-loaded atmosphere. The radiative transfer scheme of this paper has been implemented to the numerical model named Pstar as one of the OpenCLASTR/STAR radiative transfer code systems, which are widely applied to many radiative transfer problems, including the polarization effect. 相似文献
94.
Kitamura Y Kawata K Tanaka K Furuyashiki Y Mifune M Tsukamoto I Saito M Haginaka J Saito Y 《Talanta》2006,69(5):1260-1264
The effect of bromination of Cu-porphyrin-derivative-immobilized silica gels (Cu-TCPPD) was examined by comparing the retention behaviors of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Cu-TCPPD and Cu-octabromotetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine-derivative-immobilized silica gels (Cu-OBTCPPD) columns. It was revealed that bromination affects strongly the π–π electron interactions caused from hydration energy in a polar eluent (80% methanol) possibly as a result of a destruction of planar structure of porphine-ring by bromination. It was also revealed that bromination enhances π–d interactions as well as the π–π electron interactions in a broad sense (e.g., dispersion forces) in a non-polar eluent (n-hexane). However, the bromination did not exert much influence on electrostatic interactions caused from polarization of mono-halogenated benzenes. 相似文献
95.
96.
Yasuhiro Isogai Anna Ishii Manabu Ishida Masahiro Mukai Motonori Ota Ken Nishikawa Tetsutaro Iizuka 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2000,112(3):215-221
De novo design of artificial proteins is an essential approach to elucidate the principles of protein architecture and to understand
specific functions of natural proteins and also to yield novel molecules for medical and industrial aims. We have designed
artificial sequences of 153 amino acids to fit the main-chain framework of the sperm whale myoglobin structure based on the
knowledge-based energy functions to evaluate the compatibility between protein tertiary structures and amino acid sequences.
The synthesized artificial globins bind a single heme per protein molecule as designed, which show well-defined electrochemical
and spectroscopic features characteristic of proteins with a low-spin heme. Redox and ligand binding reactions of the artificial
heme proteins were investigated and these heme-related functions were found to vary with their structural uniqueness. Relationships
between the structural and functional properties are discussed. 相似文献
97.
Masanori Hirano Chiaki Nakahara Keisuke Ota Osamu Tanaike Michio Inagaki 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2003,170(1):39-47
Anatase-type TiO2 doped with 4.7 and 12.4 mol% ZrO2 that were directly precipitated as nanometer-sized particles from acidic precursor solutions of TiOSO4 and Zr(SO4)2 by simultaneous hydrolysis under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C, showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure anatase-type TiO2 for the decomposition of methylene blue. The crystallite growth and the phase transformation from anatase-type to rutile-type structure caused by heating at high temperature were retarded by doping ZrO2 into TiO2. The anatase-type TiO2 doped with ZrO2 showed high phase stability and maintained anatase-type structure even after heating at 1000°C for 1 h. 相似文献
98.
Nishikawa K. Ota M. Izuo S. Fukunaka Y. Kusaka E. Ishii R. Selman J. R. 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2004,8(3):174-181
Transient natural convection caused by Li+ electrodeposition at constant current along a vertical Li metal cathode immersed in a 0.5 M LiClO4–PC (propylene carbonate) electrolyte was compared with that by Cu2+ ion electrodeposition in aqueous CuSO4 solution. The concentration profile of the Li+ ions was measured in situ by holographic interferometry. The interference fringes start to shift with time at a higher current density. The concentration boundary layer thickness for Li+ ions was successfully determined. With the progress of electrodeposition, the density difference between the electrolyte at the cathode surface and the bulk electrolyte increased to induce upward natural convection of the electrolyte. The electrolyte velocity was measured by monitoring the movement of tracer particles. The measured transient behavior of the ionic mass and momentum transfer rates normalized with respect to the steady-state value was numerically analyzed. Transient natural convection along a vertical cathode due to Li metal electrodeposition can be reasonably explained by boundary layer theory, similar to the case of Cu electrodeposition in aqueous CuSO4 solution. 相似文献
99.
Treatment of optically active 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides having two different substituents at the 2-position, which were synthesized from unsymmetrical ketones and (R)-(−)-chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps, with cyanomethyllithium gave optically active 2-amino-1-cyano-5,5-disubstituted-1,3-cyclopentadienes with very high asymmetric induction from the sulfoxide chiral center. The products were converted to the enantiomerically pure 4,4-disubstituted 2-cyclopentenones by heating with phosphoric acid in acetic acid. 相似文献
100.
Ikuko Tsukamoto Madoka Saito Minako Yamane Kenji Kawata Yuji Kitamura Youji Kitamura Masaki Mifune Yutaka Saito Jun Haginaka 《Analytical sciences》2006,22(7):1035-1038
The effect of the central metal of columns packed with silica gels binding Ni(2+)- and Cu(2+)-phthalocyanine derivatives (Ni-and Cu-PCS(D)s) on the retention behavior of poly-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) thereof in a polar eluent was examined. The retention factors of PAHs on the Ni- and Cu-PCS(D)s in 80% methanol showed a good linear correlation. The Cu-PCS(D) column exhibited the pi-pi interactions for PAHs, while the Ni-PCS(D) column exhibited the pi-d interactions for PAHs in addition to the pi-pi interaction for PAHs. Further, an investigation of the retention behavior of anthracene derivatives having different substituents revealed that the Ni- and Cu-PCS(D) columns could recognize the differences of substituents only in a polar eluent. 相似文献