Halogen-substituted thiophenol molecules on Cu(111)

Para-halosubstituted thiophenols (X-TPs, where X is Br, Cl, or F) form ordered islands and monolayers on Cu(111) at temperatures as low as 81 K. At incomplete coverages, all X-TPs adsorb with the dehydrogenated thiol group attached to the substrate and the substituted ring inclined toward the surface, as verified experimentally and theoretically. The structure of ordered islands has a pronounced dependence on the nature of the halogen substituent: while unsubstituted TP and pentafluoro-TP molecules do not self-assemble into extended ordered patterns at 81 K, X-TP molecules form a range of different structures which depend both on the size and electronegativity of the substituent, as well as on the coverage.     

Sequential actions of cobalt nanoparticles and palladium(II) catalysts: three-step one-pot synthesis of fenestranes from an enyne and an alkyne diester

A three-step one-pot synthesis of fenestranes from a readily available enyne and an alkyne diester has been carried out with cobalt nanoparticles and palladium(II) as catalysts.     

Synthesis and Structures of Titanosiloxane Cage Compounds

Reaction of (triphenylmethyl)silanetriol (1) with cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride (CpTiCl₃) in the presence of triethylamine as a HCl scavenger gave both compounds of a partial open-cage type {[Ph₃CSiO(OH)]₃(Ph₃CSiO_3/2)(CpTiO_3/2)₄} (2) and cube type (Ph₃CSiO_3/2CpTiO_3/2)₄ (3). The 1:1 reaction of 1 and CpTiCl₃ in toluene solvent at reflux temperature for 3 d afforded compounds 2 (22%) and 3 (36%). When 1 is reacted with a 1.5 fold excess of CpTiCl₃ under the same conditions, compound 3 was obtained in high yield (81%) along with 2 in trace quantities. Compounds 2 and 3 were fully characterized by the analyses of ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si NMR, IR, and FAB MS data. The solid-state structure of 3 was determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound 3 had shown to have catalytic activity for the oxidation of alkenes such as 1-octene, cyclooctene, and norbornene with t-butyl hydrogen peroxide. The effect of solvent was observed in this epoxidation reaction. The order of reactivity were decreased as follows: CHCl₃ > hexane THF.     

Adhesion of bacterial exopolymers to alpha-FeOOH: inner-sphere complexation of phosphodiester groups

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) constitute a heterogeneous mixture of polyelectrolytes that mediate biomineralization and bacterial adhesion and stabilize biofilm matrixes in natural and artificial environments. Although nucleic acids are exuded extracellularly and are purported to be required for biofilm formation, direct evidence of the active mechanism is lacking. EPS were extracted from both Bacillus subtilis (a gram-positive bacterium) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a gram-negative bacterium) and their interaction with the goethite (alpha-FeOOH) surface was studied using attenuated total internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. Correspondence between spectral data and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that phosphodiester groups of nucleic acids mediate the binding of EPS to mineral surfaces. Our data indicate that these groups emerge from the EPS mixture to form monodentate complexes with Fe centers on the goethite (alpha-FeOOH) surface, providing an energetically stable bond for further EPS or cell adhesion.     

Separation and sensitive determination of arsenic species (As/As) using the yeast-immobilized column and hydride generation in ICP–AES

Inorganic arsenic was separated using the yeast-immobilized column. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was covalently bonded unto the controlled pore glass, which showed selective preconcentration of As⁵⁺ over As³⁺. The effluent was directly connected to hydride generation (HG) to increase sensitivity. The optimum pH condition for the retainment of arsenic at the column was 7. As⁵⁺ and As³⁺ were completely separated in a few minutes with the flow rate of 1.5 ml min⁻¹. Three molars of nitric acid was adequate both for the elution of As⁵⁺ and hydride generation. The accuracy of the technique was tested with NIST SRMs. Quantitative analysis of arsenic species for herbicide, pesticide, and cigarette were performed, and the results showed good agreements with the suggested values. Yeast-immobilized column-HG-ICP showed a promising future for the arsenic speciation study.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of partially oriented clay platelets intercalated with copper(II) 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of powder and oriented films of montmorillonite, hectorite, and saponite intercalated with [Cu(cyclam)](2+) (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) exhibit three components: an orientation-dependent component without hyperfine features, an orientation-dependent component with hyperfine features, and an orientation-independent component without hyperfine feature. EPR spectra of [Cu(cyclam)](2+)-saponite, which exhibit only two components and the best resolved hyperfine features, were simulated. The spectra indicate that a large portion of the saponite platelets are inclined to the glass surface, although they tend to align with their basal planes parallel to the glass surface. The orientation-dependent spectra could be simulated by introducing a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 20 degrees for the inclination angle. The standard deviation may be used as a disorder parameter for the microcrystals assembled on glass plates. Spectral simulation also shows that the CuN(4) plane of [Cu(cyclam)](2+) is parallel to the clay layers. EPR spectra of some other partially oriented systems are also discussed.     

State-to-state reaction dynamics of CH3I photodissociation at 304 nm

The detailed reaction dynamics of CH(3)I photodissociation at 304 nm were studied by using high-resolution long time-delayed core-sampling photofragment translation spectroscopy. The vibrational state distributions of the photofragment, i.e., CH(3), are directly resolved due to the high kinetic resolution of this experiment for the first time. CH(3) radicals produced from I((3)Q(0+)), I((1)Q(1) <--( 3)Q(0+)), and I((3)Q(1)) channels are populated in different vibrational state distributions. The I((3)Q(0+)) and I((3)Q(1)) channels show only progressions in the nu2'(a2") umbrella bending mode, and the I((1)Q(1) <-- (3)Q(0+)) channel shows both progression in the nu2' umbrella bending mode and a small amount of excitation in the nu1'(a1') C-H stretching mode. The photodissociation processes from the vibrational hot band of CH(3)I (upsilon3 = 1, upsilon3 = 2) were also detected, primarily because of the absorption probability from the vibrational excited states, i.e., hot bands are relatively enhanced. Photofragments from the hot bands of CH(3)I show a cold vibrational distribution compared to that from the vibrational ground state of CH(3)I. The I* quantum yield and the curve crossing possibility were also studied for the ground vibrational state of CH(3)I. The potential energy at the curve crossing point was calculated to be 32 790 cm(-1) by using the one-dimensional Landau-Zener model.     

Synthesis and crystal structures of novel calix[4]azacrowns

A series of novel 1,3‐altemate calix[4]arene azacrowns having mono and bis crown ethers on the lower rim of the calix[4]arene framework were synthesized. Solid‐state structures confirmed the three dimensional conformation of compounds 1–3.     

New disulfido molybdenum-manganese complexes exhibit facile addition of small molecules to the sulfur atoms

The reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(7)(mu-S2) (1) with [CpMo(CO)(3)](2) (Cp = C(5)H(5)) and [Cp*Mo(CO)(3)](2) (Cp* = C(5)(CH(3))(5)) yielded the new mixed-metal disulfide complexes CpMoMn(CO)(5)(mu-S2) (2) and Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)(mu-S2) (3) by a metal-metal exchange reaction. Compounds 2 and 3 both contain a bridging disulfido ligand lying perpendicular to the Mo-Mn bond. The bond distances are Mo-Mn = 2.8421(10) and 2.8914(5) A and S-S = 2.042(2) and 1.9973(10) A for 2 and 3, respectively. A tetranuclear metal side product CpMoMn(3)(CO)(13)(mu3-S)(mu4-S) (4) was also isolated from the reaction of 1 with [CpMo(CO)(3)](2). Compounds 2 and 3 react with CO to yield the dithiocarbonato complexes CpMoMn(CO)(5)[mu-SC(=O)S] (5) and Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)[mu-SC(=O)S] (6) by insertion of CO into the S-S bond. Similarly, tert-butylisocyanide was inserted into the S-S bond of 2 and 3 to yield the complexes CpMoMn(CO)(5)[mu-S(C=NBu(t))S] (7) and Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)[mu-S(C=NBu(t))S] (8), respectively. Ethylene and dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate also inserted into the S-S bond of 2 and 3 at room temperature to yield the ethanedithiolato ligand bridged complexes CpMoMn(CO)(5)(mu-SCH(2)CH(2)S) (9), Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)(mu-SCH(2)CH(2)S) (10), CpMoMn(CO)(5)[mu-SC(CO(2)Me)=C(CO(2)Me)S] (11), and Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)[mu-SC(CO(2)Me)=C(CO(2)Me)S] (12). Allene was found to insert into the S-S bond of 2 by using one of its two double bonds to yield the complex CpMoMn(CO)(5)[mu-SCH(2)C(=CH(2))S] (13). The molecular structures of the new complexes 2-7 and 9-13 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.