O-(α-Phenylethyl)hydroxylamine as a ‘chiral ammonia equivalent’: synthesis and resolution of 5-oxopyrrolidine- and 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acids

An approach to the synthesis and resolution of five- and six-membered lactams (i.e., 5-oxopyrrolidine- and 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acids) is described. The method relies on the one-pot Michael reaction—cyclization of itaconic acid or diethyl homoitaconate and enantiopure O-(α-phenylethyl)hydroxylamine as a ‘chiral ammonia equivalent’. It is shown that this chiral auxiliary can be used for the separation of diastereomeric lactam products and then easily removed by catalytic hydrogenolysis.     

Selection of optimal parameters for multipurpose controllable systems: General formulation of the problem and solution algorithms

This paper describes an approach to the selection of optimal parameters for multipurpose controllable systems intended to perform a series of maneuvers. The paper is an extension of the writer's previous papers on the subject (Refs. 1–6). It states the problem in general terms and discusses the selection of a functional. Depending on the amount of available data on the parameters of maneuver, the problem reduces to either minimization of a function of many variables or a game problem. Algorithms for the solution of the problems formulated are developed. A model problem of space flight mechanics with low-thrust engines is used for illustration purposes. Several applications of the approach developed are contained in Refs. 7–9. In addition, Refs. 8–9 suggest one more method for solving the problem of Section 3, the so-called method of optimal coverings. Another direction of research is described in Ref. 10.     

Separable reflexive banach spaces that are universal for the class of the spaces Lp (1 < p < ∞)

Mathematical Notes -     

Low-frequency radio spectra of crab nebula,Virgo A,and Cygnus A

The results of absolute flux density measurements are presented for discrete radio sources 3C 144, 3C 274, and 3C 405 at 5.6 and 8.9 MHz. The new data are used in the discussion of their low-frequency radio spectra to specify physical conditions in radio galaxies Virgo A, Cygnus A, and supernova remnant Crab nebula.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 945–958, August, 1996.The author expresses his gratitude to the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research for financial support of this work under Grants No. 93-02-17073 and No. 96-08-18508.     

Influence of nonhydrostatic stresses on the development of martensitic transformations and inelastic strains at various levels in Ti(Ni-Cu-Fe) polycrystalline intermetallic compounds

The levels of inelastic martensitic strain of polycrystals during a thermoelastic martensitic transformation under a load are discussed. The example ofTi(Ni-Cu-Fe) alloys with the B2 structure was used to study the role of microlevel and mesolevels in inelastic martensitic deformation during cooling of polycrystals under a load and loads in different initial structural states. V. D. Kuznetsov Siberian Physicotechnical Institute at Tomsk State University. Institute of Physics of Strength of Materials and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tomsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, p. 35–46, January, 1998.