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991.
S. Pietri P. H. Rega Zs. Podolyák A. Jungclaus M. Pfützner D. Rudolph A. B. Garnsworthy S. J. Steer R. Hoischen M. Górska J. Gerl H. J. Wollersheim I. Kojouharov H. Schaffner J. Grębosz F. Becker P. Bednarczyk L. Caceres P. Doornenbal H. Geissel A. Kelic N. Kurz F. Montes W. Prokopowicz T. Saito S. Tashenov E. Werner-Malento W. Gelletly 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2007,150(1):319-320
The RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI) project constitutes a major
pan-european initiative to study nuclear structure in exotic nuclei.
A brief outline of the technical details specific to studies of isomeric decays
following relativistic projectile fragmentation reactions is presented. 相似文献
992.
Sergey I. Vdovenko Igor I. Gerus Valery P. Kukhar 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(3):190-200
The kinetics of the reaction of β‐substituted β‐alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethyl ketones R1O‐CR2?CH‐COCF3 ( 1a – e ) [( 1a ), R1?C2H5, R2?H; ( 1b ), R1?R2?CH3; ( 1c ), R1?C2H5, R2?C6H5; ( 1d ), R1?C2H5, R2?V?pNO2C6H4; ( 1e ), R1?C2H5, R2?C(CH3)3] with four aliphatic amines ( 2a – d ) [( 2a ), (C2H5)2NH; ( 2b ), (i‐C3H7)2NH; ( 2c ), (CH2)5NH; ( 2d ), O(CH2CH2)2NH] was studied in two aprotic solvents, hexane and acetonitrile. The least reactive stereoisomeric form of ( 1a – d ) was the most populated ( E‐s‐Z‐o‐Z ) form, whereas in ( 1e ), the more reactive form ( Z‐s‐Z‐o‐Z ) dominated. The reactions studied proceeded via common transition state formation whose decomposition occurred by ‘uncatalyzed’ and/or ‘catalyzed’ route. Shielding of the reaction centre by bulky β‐substituents lowered abruptly both k′ (‘uncatalyzed’ rate constant) and k″ (‘catalyzed’ rate constant) of this reaction. Bulky amines reduced k″ to a greater extent than k′ as a result of an additional steric retardation to the approach of the bulky amine to its ammonium ion in the transition state. An increase in the electron‐withdrawing ability of the β‐substituent increased ‘uncatalyzed’ k′ due to the acceleration of the initial nucleophile attack (k1) and ‘uncatalyzed’ decomposition of transition state (k2) via promoting electrophilic assistance (through transition state 8 ). The amine basicity determined the route of the reaction: the higher amine basicity, the higher k3/k2 ratio (a measure of the ‘catalyzed’ route contribution as compared to the ‘uncatalyzed’ process) was. ‘Uncatalyzed’ route predominated for all reactions; however in polar acetonitrile the contribution of the ‘catalyzed’ route was significant for amines with high pKa and small bulk. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Slavomír Nemšák Tomáš Skála Petr Hanyš Michiko Yoshitake 《Applied Surface Science》2007,254(2):490-493
Metal-insulator-metal system was prepared using the single-crystalline Cu-9at.% Al(1 1 1) support. Oxidation of the substrate under well-controlled conditions at elevated temperature leads to the formation of well-ordered aluminium oxide layer. The Pd-Au topmost layer was prepared by a step-by-step deposition of both metals afterwards on the oxide layer at room temperature. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) measurement did not confirm epitaxial growth of the metal overlayer and gave only a rise of diffuse background after each deposition step. The growth of Pd-Au overlayer exhibited Stranski-Krastanov mode influenced by intermetallic interaction between those metals. No binding energy shifts were visible for the core-level photoelectron peaks of the substrate and the oxide using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In contrast, the binding energy shifts of Pd 3d and Au 4f photoelectron levels in both directions were observed during all depositions. Bimetallic interactions between the metals as well as size effects are further discussed. 相似文献
994.
J. Wunderlich T. Jungwirth V. Novák B. Kaestner C.T. Foxon D.A. Williams 《Solid State Communications》2007,144(12):536-541
In the conventional Ohmic regime, magnetoresistance effects comprise the ordinary responses to the external magnetic field and extraordinary responses to the internal magnetization. Here we study magnetoresistance effects in the Coulomb blockade regime using a ferromagnetic (Ga, Mn)As single electron transistor. We report measurements of the magneto-Coulomb blockade effect due to the direct coupling of high external magnetic fields and the Coulomb blockade anisotropic magnetoresistance associated with magnetization rotations in the ferromagnet. The latter, extraordinary magnetoresistance effect is characterized by low-field hysteretic magnetoresistance which can exceed three orders of magnitude. The sign and size of this magnetoresistance signal is controlled by the gate voltage, and the data are interpreted in terms of anisotropic electrochemical shifts induced by magnetization reorientations. Non-volatile transistor-like applications of the Coulomb blockade anisotropic magnetoresistance are briefly discussed. 相似文献
995.
Jan ?echal Jind?ich Mach Stanislav Voborný Petr Kostelník Petr Bábor Ji?í Spousta Tomáš Šikola 《Surface science》2007,601(9):2047-2053
Results for deposition and thermal annealing of gallium on the Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface achieved by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) are presented. In addition to deposition of Ga on a clean surface, the influence of water adsorption on the arrangement of gallium atoms was also studied. The results on Ga deposition at a higher temperature (490 °C) are consistent with a Ga ad-dimer model showing equivalent bond arrangement of all Ga atoms for coverages up to 0.5 ML. The deposition onto a surface with adsorbed water at room temperature led to a disordered gallium growth. In this case gallium atoms bind to silicon dimers already binding fragments of adsorbed water. A subsequent annealing of these layers leads to a surface structure similar to the Ga-(2 × 2), however, it is less ordered, probably due to the presence of silicon oxides formed from water fragments. 相似文献
996.
Jean Bourgain Moubariz Z. Garaev Sergei V. Konyagin Igor E. Shparlinski 《Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics》2013,280(1):61-90
We obtain upper bounds on the number of solutions to congruences of the type (x 1 + s)... (x ν + s) ≡ (y 1 + s)... (x ν + s) ? 0 (mod p) modulo a prime p with variables from some short intervals. We give some applications of our results and in particular improve several recent estimates of J. Cilleruelo and M.Z. Garaev on exponential congruences and on cardinalities of products of short intervals, some double character sum estimates of J. Friedlander and H. Iwaniec and some results of M.-C. Chang and A.A. Karatsuba on character sums twisted with the divisor function. 相似文献
997.
The inhibition of the oxygen evolution rate (OER) in Chlorella vulgaris by 2-alkylsulphanyl-4-pyridinecarbothioamides (APCTs; alkyl = methyl up to hexadecyl) was studied. APCTs were found to inhibit
photosynthetic electron transport (PET) which resulted in the inhibition of OER in algae. The inhibitory activity of APCTs
was highly dependent on the alkyl chain length of the 2-alkylsulphanyl substituent and the corresponding dependence showed
a bilinear course with the decyl derivative as being the most active inhibitor. Using EPR spectroscopy, the site of APCT action
in the algal photosynthetic apparatus was determined. It was confirmed that APCT interacted mainly with the D. intermediate,
i.e. with tyrosine radical (TyrD) occurring at the 161st position in D2 protein which is situated on the donor side of photosystem 2. 相似文献
998.
999.
Věra Cimrová Ivan Kmínek Petra Pavlačková Drahomír Výprachtický 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(15):3426-3436
Two new low‐bandgap alternating copolymers (CEHTF and CEHTP) consisting of 4,6‐bis(3′‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thien‐2′‐yl)thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5] thiadiazole and 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene or 2,5‐bis(isopentyloxy)benzene were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction of corresponding comonomers. Their optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic (PV) properties were studied and are reported. Both the copolymers exhibited long‐wavelength absorption covering the whole visible spectral region, which is in CEHTP thin films extended up to near infrared region, ambipolar redox properties, and electrochromism. High‐electron affinities and low‐optical bandgap values, 1.37 and 1.15 eV, were determined for CEHTF and CEHTP, respectively. PV devices with bulk heterojunction made of blends of copolymers and fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) were prepared and characterized. Effects of intramolecular charge transfer strength and side‐chain nature and length on photophysical properties are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
1000.
Andrei V. Afonin Igor A. Ushakov Dmitry V. Pavlov Andrei V. Ivanov Al'bina I. Mikhaleva 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2010,48(9):685-692
The 1H, 13C and 15N NMR studies have shown that the E and Z isomers of pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde oxime adopt preferable conformation with the syn orientation of the oxime group with respect to the pyrrole ring. The syn conformation of E and Z isomers of pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde oxime is stabilized by the N? H···N and N? H···O intramolecular hydrogen bonds, respectively. The N? H···N hydrogen bond in the E isomer causes the high‐frequency shift of the bridge proton signal by about 1 ppm and increase the 1J(N, H) coupling by ~3 Hz. The bridge proton shows further deshielding and higher increase of the 1J(N, H) coupling constant due to the strengthening of the N? H···O hydrogen bond in the Z isomer. The MP2 calculations indicate that the syn conformation of E and Z isomers is by ~3.5 kcal/mol energetically less favorable than the anti conformation. The calculations of 1H shielding and 1J(N, H) coupling in the syn and anti conformations allow the contribution to these constants from the N? H···N and N? H···O hydrogen bondings to be estimated. The NBO analysis suggests that the N? H···N hydrogen bond in the E isomer is a pure electrostatic interaction while the charge transfer from the oxygen lone pair to the antibonding orbital of the N? H bond through the N? H···O hydrogen bond occurs in the Z isomer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献