Data‐Driven Identification of Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an important signaling molecule whose up‐ and down‐regulation have specific biological consequences. Although significant advances in H₂S up‐regulation, by the development of H₂S donors, have been achieved in recent years, precise H₂S down‐regulation is still challenging. The lack of potent/specific inhibitors for H₂S‐producing enzymes contributes to this problem. We expect the development of H₂S scavengers is an alternative approach to address this problem. Since chemical sensors and scavengers of H₂S share the same criteria, we constructed a H₂S sensor database, which summarizes key parameters of reported sensors. Data‐driven analysis led to the selection of 30 potential compounds. Further evaluation of these compounds identified a group of promising scavengers, based on the sulfonyl azide template. The efficiency of these scavengers in in vitro and in vivo experiments was demonstrated.     

Separation of isomers of acyl glucuronides using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in dynamically coated capillaries

The acyl glucuronide metabolites of endogenous as well as of xenobiotic compounds may undergo isomerization in vitro as well as in the human body. The parent acyl glucuronide and the isomerization products may react with endogenous protein to form products which in worst cases may act as antigens and thus create an allergic response. In the present paper new methods based on micellar electrokinetic or microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the separation of all isomerization products as well as the hydrolysis product of acyl glucuronides are described. In order to perform the separation at lower pH values in a reasonable time dynamically coated capillaries were used. This enables the electroosmotic flow to be high and constant even at low pH. The methods were developed using S-naproxen-beta-1-O-acyl glucuronide as the model substance. The assignment of the single peaks in the electropherogram was performed tentatively based on the sequential appearance of the isomerization products with time.     

Simple synthesis of beta-D-glycopyranosides using beta-glycosidase from almonds

Enzymatic glycosidation of twenty-one kinds of alcohols (n-hepanol, n-octanol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-phenylbutanol, 5-phenylpentanol, 6-phenylhexanol, furfury alcohol, 2-pyridinemethanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, p-methoxycinnamylalcohol) including secondary alcohols (isopropanol, cyclohexanol, 1-phenylethanol) and 1,omega-alkanediols (1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol), salicyl alcohol and 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) using beta-glucosidase from almonds stereoselectively gave the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides in moderate yield.     

Observation of toroidal flow antiparallel to the <E(r) x B(straight theta)> drift direction in the hot electron mode plasmas in the compact helical system

A toroidal flow antiparallel to the drift direction is observed in the hot electron mode plasmas when a large positive electric field and a sharp electron temperature gradient are sustained inside the internal transport barrier in the Compact Helical System. This toroidal flow reaches up to 5x10(4) m/s at the plasma center, and it is large enough to reverse the toroidal flow driven by a tangentially injected neutral beam. These observations clearly show the plasma favors flow in the minimum nablaB direction at the transport barrier.     

No black-hole theorem in three-dimensional gravity

A common property of known black-hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensional gravity is that they require a negative cosmological constant. To explain this, it is shown in this Letter that a (2+1)-dimensional gravity theory which satisfies the dominant energy condition forbids the existence of a black hole.     

The conjugate gradient method applied to the direct second-order minimization of energy

The conjugate gradient method is proposed for minimizing the second-order Δε. Formulae for derivatives are expressed in a constructive way: they specify to which derivatives and with which weight each integral (belonging to a non-redundant list) contributes. The case of geminal functions is fully treated. A test calculation on the BeH molecule is shown.     

Characteristics of electron heat transport of plasma with an electron internal-transport barrier in the large helical device

Associated with the transition from ion root to electron root, an electron internal transport barrier (ITB) appears in the large helical device, when the heating power of electron cyclotron resonance heating exceeds the threshold power. The incremental thermal diffusivity of electron heat transport chi(inc)(e) in the ITB plasma is much lower than that in the plasma with the heating power below the threshold, and the thermal diffusivity chi(e) decreases with increasing of heating power [dchi(e)/d(P/n(e))<0] in helical ITB plasmas.     

Electroweak symmetry breaking with hierarchical feature

Electroweak symmetry breaking is attributed to dynamical generation of quark masses. Our study is made in those models in which preons are confined by hypercolor gauge interactions to form massless quarks and leptons as well as heavy hyperhadrons or postons. The hierarchical nature of the breaking can be understood by assuming the necessity of infinite-range color interactions in addition to short-range postonic ones. Self-consistent mass equations forN families of quarks are given in an ideal limit in which left-right asymmetric effects and quark-lepton couplings are neglected.     

On Almost Complex Lie Algebroids

The almost complex Lie algebroids over smooth manifolds are considered in the paper. In the first part, we give some examples and we extend some basic results from almost complex manifolds to almost complex Lie algebroids. Next the almost Hermitian Lie algebroids and some related structures on the associated complex Lie algebroid are studied.     

Spectrophotometric determination of silicon in silicates by flow-injection analysis

A flow-injection spectrophotometric method has been developed for the accurate, continuous determination of silicon in silicate rocks. A rock sample solution is prepared by fusion with a 1:1 mixture of lithium carbonate and boric acid and subsequent dissolution of the cake in 1 M hydrochloric acid. The preparation technique is the same as that used for the determination of total iron, aluminium, calcium, titanium, and phosphorus in silicate rocks by flow-injection spectrophotometry. Because of the marked polymerization of silicic acid in acid solution, silicic acid is depolymerized in alkaline medium after a simple cation-exchange column filtration of the rock sample solution and then determined by a static or an FIA spectrophotometric method. The FIA system consists of two channels which carry the carrier solution and molybdate reagent, and allows the colour reaction to proceed under controlled conditions. The FIA system permits high throughput of 70 samples per hour. The procedure has been applied to a variety of standard silicate rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Japan, and gave satisfactory agreement with the recommended values.