The fluorescence excitation spectrum of aniline in a supersonic free jet: Double minimum potential for the inversion vibration in the excited state

The fluorescence excitation spectrum of the first singlet transition of aniline in a supersonic free jet has been measured. Vibronic transitions involving the inversion vibration of the NH₂ group in the excited state have been observed. The double minimum potential function in the excited state has been determined from the observed vibrational levels.     

Oxidative addition and insertion reactions of cyclic alkyne-platinum(0) complexes

The reactions of various alkyne-platinum(0) complexes with methyl iodide and with iodine have been studied. The 3-hexyne complex Pt(C₂H₅C₂C₂H₅)(PPh₃)₂ gives alkyne-free oxidative addition products PtI(CH₃) (PPh₃)₂ and PtI₂ (PPh₃)₂ exclusively. In contrast, the strained cyclic alkyne complexes Pt(C₆H₈)(PPh₃)₂, Pt(C₇H₁₀)(PPh₃)₂, Pt(C₆H₈) (dppe) and Pt(C₇H₁₀) (dppe)¹ react with methyl iodide to give mainly 2-methylcycloalkenyiplatinum(II) complexes, e.g. PtI(C₆H₈CH₃) (PPh₃)₂, formed by electrophilic attack on the metal-alkyne bond. Iodine reacts similarly with Pt(C₆H₈) (PPh₃)₂ and Pt(C₇H₁₀) (PPh₃)₂ to give 2-iodocycloalkenylplatinum(II) complexes but, in the case of the corresponding dppe complexes, PtI₂(dppe) is the main product. The insertion reaction of methyl iodide with Pt(C₆H₈)(PPh₃)₂ proceeds via an oxidative addition intermediate PtI(CH₃) (C₆H₈) (PPh₃)₂ which can be isolated. Trifluoromethyl iodide reacts with Pt(C₆H₈)(PPh₃)₂ to give a 2-iodocyclohexenyl complex Pt(CF₃) (C₆H₈I) (PPh₃)₂ and with Pt(C₇H₁₀) (PPh₃)₂ to give PtI(CF₃) (PPh₃)₂. ³¹P NMR data are given and discussed.     

Resonance Raman spectra of 15N enriched metallooctaethylorphyrins. Characterization of the oxidation state marker bands of hemoproteins

Resonance Raman spectra of ¹⁵N enriched metallooctaethylporphyrins [M(OEP) ? ¹⁵N₄] [M = Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺ (high spin), and Fe³⁺ (low spin)] were observed. Polarized Raman lines corresponding to the oxidation state marker band of hemoproteins were observed at 1377 (Ni), 1369 (Fe high spin) and 1372^?1 (Fe low spin) which were shifted to lower frequency from those of the ¹⁴N compounds by 6, 5, and 6 cm^?1, respectively. The vibrational mode for this band was shown to include an appreciable contribution of the C_αN symmetric stretching vibration and to be associated with ca. 0.01 Å of in-phase displacement of the four pyrrole nitrogens toward the metal ion.     

Thermoresponsive conductivity of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/potassium chloride gel electrolytes

A series of thermoresponsive polymer gel electrolytes (PGEs) based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous potassium chloride was synthesized by radiation‐induced polymerization and gelation using γ rays from a ⁶⁰Co source. The electric conductivity and swelling properties of the PGE were determined as a function of temperature. It was found that the electric conductivity of the PGE depended strongly on the swelling ratio; most notably, it changed drastically near the volume phase‐transition temperature of the PGE. The temperature/conductivity profile of the PGE exhibits a maximum peak at a certain temperature that is defined as the maximum conductivity temperature (T_max). The T_max of all of the PGEs prepared by low‐dose irradiation agreed with the temperature, near the end of the volume phase transition, where the PGE was completely shrunken. Consequently, the conductivity of gels should provide a good method with which the totally shrunken temperature of the thermoresponsive gels can be monitored with good temperature precision. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 134–141, 2002     

Direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of hydroxyketone using a Et2Zn/linked-BINOL complex: synthesis of either anti- or syn-beta-amino alcohols

Full details of a direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of a hydroxyketone using a Et2Zn/(S,S)-linked-BINOL complex are described. By choosing the proper protective groups on imine nitrogen, either anti- or syn-beta-amino alcohol was obtained in good diastereomeric ratio, yield, and excellent enantiomeric excess using the same zinc catalysis. N-Diphenylphosphinoyl (Dpp) imine 3 gave anti-beta-amino alcohols in anti/syn = up to >98/2, up to >99% yield, and up to >99.5% ee, while Boc-imine 4 gave syn-beta-amino alcohols in anti/syn = up to 5/95, up to >99% yield, and up to >99.5% ee. The high catalyst turnover number (TON) is also noteworthy. Catalyst loading was successfully reduced to 0.02 mol % (TON = up to 4920) for the anti-selective reaction and 0.05 mol % (TON = up to 1760) for the syn-selective reaction. The Et2Zn/(S,S)-linked-BINOL complex exhibited far better TON than in previous reports of catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reactions. Mechanistic studies to clarify the reason for the high catalyst efficiency as well as transformations of Mannich adducts are also described.     

Partially nanowire-structured TiO2 electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Partially nanowire-structured TiO₂ was prepared by a hydrothermal processing followed by calcination in air. The hydrogen titanate powder as-synthesized was calcined at 300 °C for 4 h to obtain the partially nanowire-structured TiO₂. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) with a film thickness of 5.6 μm, fabricated using the partially nanowire-structured TiO₂ showed better performance than using a fully nanowire-structured TiO₂ or a conventional equi-axed TiO₂ nanopowder. The short-circuit current density (J_SC), the open-circuit voltage (V_OC), the fill factor (FF) and the overall efficiency (η) are 11.9 mA/cm², 0.754 V, 0.673 and 6.01 %, respectively. The effects of one-dimensional nanostructure and electron expressway concept are discussed.     

The Interaction of C60, C70, and C60(CN)2 radical anions with cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin in solid multicomponent complexes

A method for the synthesis of the multicomponent ionic complexes: [Cr(I)(C(6)H(6))(2) (.+)][Co(II)(tpp)(fullerene)(-)].C(6)H(4)Cl(2), comprising bis(benzene)chromium (Cr(C(6)H(6))(2)), cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (Co(II)(tpp)), fullerenes (C(60), C(60)(CN)(2), and C(70)), and o-dichlorobenzene (C(6)H(4)Cl(2)) has been developed. The monoanionic state of the fullerenes has been proved by optical absorption spectra in the UV/vis/NIR and IR ranges. The crystal structures of the ionic [[Cr(I)(C(6)H(6))(2)](.+)](1.7)[[Co(II)(tpp)(C(60))](2)](1.7-). 3.3 C(6)H(4)Cl(2) and [[Cr(I)(C(6)H(6))(2)] (.+)](2)[Co(II)(tpp)[C(60)(CN)(2)]](-)[C(60)(CN)(2) (.-)]).3 C(6)H(4)Cl(2) are presented. The essentially shortened Co.C(fullerene) bond lengths of 2.28-2.32 A in these complexes indicate the formation of sigma-bonded [Co(II)(tpp)][fullerene](-) anions, which are diamagnetic. All the ionic complexes are semiconductors with room temperature conductivity of 2 x 10(-3)-4 x 10(-6) S cm(-1), and their magnetic susceptibilities show Curie-Weiss behavior. The neutral complexes of Co(II)(tpp) with C(60), C(60)(CN)(2), C(70), and Cr(0)(C(6)H(6))(2), as well as the crystal structures of [Co(II)(tpp)](C(60)).2.5 C(6)H(4)Cl(2), [Co(II)(tpp)](C(70)). 1.3 CHCl(3).0.2 C(6)H(6), and [Cr(0)(C(6)H(6))(2)][Co(II)(tpp)] are discussed. In contrast to the ionic complexes, the neutral ones have essentially longer Co.C(fullerene) bond lengths of 2.69-2.75 A.