Positive working photoresists sensitive to visible light,II: poly{2-arylpropyl-2 and bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl methacrylates}

Acid-labile polymers of methacrylates of 2-(p-substituted phenyl)propanol-2 and bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methanol were evaluated as visible light sensitive positive-type resists. The chemistry to form images is based on the cleavage of esters catalysed by an acid generated by photodecomposition of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate sensitized by 2-benzoyl-3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-propenenitrile. A copolymer of bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl methacrylate-phenyl methacrylate exhibited a high photospeed upon exposure to 488 nm light when coupled with the iodonium salt and the dye, and was applicable to relief holography.     

Characterization and cathode performance of Li1 − xNi1 + xO2 prepared with the excess lithium method

Samples of Li_{1 − z}Ni_{1 + x}O₂ with various x values were synthesized and their electrochemical properties, phase transitions, and ordering phenomena were investigated comparatively. In order to synthesize samples with a small x value, an excess lithium was used as a starting material to compensate for lithium loss during the calcination process. A stoichiometric sample with a large reversible capacity of more than 200 mAh g⁻¹ is also described.     

On the reaction mechanism of two-nucleon transfer between heavy ions

The competition between simultaneous and successive transfer of two nucleons between heavy ions is studied in the semiclassical approximation. It is shown that second order effects often dominate the reaction.     

Canonical relations defined by intersecting hypersurfaces in a symplectic manifold

Mathematische Annalen -     

Search for the invisible decay of neutrons with KamLAND

The Kamioka Liquid scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector is used in a search for single neutron or two-neutron intranuclear disappearance that would produce holes in the -shell energy level of (12)C nuclei. Such holes could be created as a result of nucleon decay into invisible modes (inv), e.g., n--> 3v or nn--> 2v. The deexcitation of the corresponding daughter nucleus results in a sequence of space and time-correlated events observable in the liquid scintillator detector. We report on new limits for one- and two-neutron disappearance: tau(n--> inv) > 5.8 x 10(29) years and tau (nn--> inv) > 1.4 x 10(30) years at 90% C.L. These results represent an improvement of factors of approximately 3 and >10(4) and over previous experiments.     

Molecular Orientation of a Nematic Liquid Crystal Induced by Mixing with Tetraalkylcalix[4]resorcinarenes at the Air–Water Interface

O-Octacarboxymethoxylated tetraalkylcalix[4]resorcinareanes (CRA-CMs) formed stable monolayers on a water surface, whereas their -A isotherms were affected by the length of the alkyl residues. A double-layered structuring was observed for CRA-CM having four undecyl substituents (11CRA-CM) by compression, though CRA-CM with four eicosyl residues formed a stable monomolecular film. 11CRA-CM possessed the ability to form a host–guest monolayer film with liquid crystalline 4,4'-dihexylazobenzene at the air/water interface, leading to perpendicular orientation of C6Azo. The host–guest mixed monolayers displayed a double-layered structuring by compression.     

Multilayer graphene/amorphous carbon hybrid films prepared by microwave surface‐wave plasma CVD: synthesis and characterization

Hybrid films of multilayer graphene (MG) containing amorphous carbon (a‐C) were synthesized on Al substrates by microwave surface‐wave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Raman scattering and surface transmission electron microscopy showed that the carbon films contained a large quantity of MG when a radio frequency (RF) substrate bias was not applied. Amorphization of graphene in the carbon film was promoted by applying an RF bias, which generated Ar⁺ in the plasma. The bandgaps of the films were found to increase as the Raman intensity ratios between the 2D‐band (at 2700 cm^?1) and D‐band (at 1350 cm^?1) decreased, indicating the formation of a‐C. The MG/a‐C all‐sp² phase of carbon hybrid films exhibited an increase in current density under 5 mW/cm² of AM1.5G solar simulated irradiation as the RF bias increased because of Ar⁺‐induced amorphization of the graphene. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of matrix modifier and furnace material on the determination of traces of fluoride by electrothermal molecular absorption spectrometry of aluminum monofluoride

In the determination of fluoride by AlF absorbance measurements, the interference from strontium nitrate is avoided by using magnesium nitrate or barium nitrate added to aluminum solution as the matrix modifier. The effects of the graphite-furnace material on AlF absorbance are investigated. Glassy carbon and synthetic carbon gave longer furnace lifetimes and better sensitivity than the other materials tested. The maximum sensitivity (4.2 μg ml^?1 fluoride for 0.0044 absorbance with a 10-μl injection) was obtained with synthetic carbon. The r.s.d, was <5% for 0.1 μg ml^?1 fluoride (n=10). Na⁺, K⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ did not affect the measurements up to 500 μg ml^?1, but Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Sr²⁺ and especially Ca²⁺ depressed the absorbance.     

A new formalism of inclusive breakup reactions and validity of the surface approximation

Austern and Vincent's formalism for the inclusive breakup reactions in DWBA is rewritten in a form in which the elastic and inelastic breakup processes are well discernible. This form is calculable exactly and hence we test the validity of the surface approximation used by Baur et al.