2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-perimidylphenols and their oxidation

1,8-Naphthylenediamine was reacted with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-formyl-phenol to produce 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(1,3-dihydro-perimidyl) phenol (I). The latter was coverted into 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(1H-perimidyl)phenol (II) by oxidizing I with sodium pyrosulfate. When phenol II was oxidized by lead dioxide in toluene and THF, the EPR spectra revealed a 12-component multiplet with perimidyl splitting constants a¹ _N=a³ _N=a_H ^NH=0.2 mT; a_H ^6.7=0.6 mT.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 64–67, January, 1992.     

Study of the absorption spectra and ionic equilibria of cationic-anionic polymethine dyes

The absorption spectra of a number of cationic-anionic polymethine dyes in polar, low-polarity, and nonpolar solvents were studied. It was established that in polar solvents the absorption spectra represent the sum of the absorption spectra of the cation and anion, whereas in nonpolar and low-polarity solvents, in many cases the appearance of a short-wave absorption band is observed, due to interaction of the chromophores of the cation and anion in ion pairs. In solvents of intermediate polarity (for example, in chloroform and ethyl acetate), a concentration dependence of the absorption spectra is observed, determined by the equilibria of ionic dissociation. The ionic dissociation constants of a number of cationic-anionic dyes in chloroform and ethyl acetate were determined by a conductometric method. The thermodynamic data obtained are compared with the spectral data.N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2524–2532, November, 1992.     

Peroxides of higher aliphatic ethers

The oxidation of higher aliphatic ethers with oxygen at 50° yields two peroxides as the main oxidation products for each ether, namely a dihydroperoxy-dialkyl ether and a dihydroperoxy-dialkyl peroxide. The mass spectra of these compounds are recorded and the main fragmentation pattern is discussed.     

Specific Features of Glucoamylase Immobilization by Adsorption on Fibrous Polyelectrolytes

Some fundamental aspects of the immobilization of a hydrolytic enzyme glucoamylase via adsorption on aminocarboxylic ion-exchangers with fibrous structure were considered. The sorption capacity of amphoteric supports for the enzyme was studied in relation to the time of immobilization, concentration of hydrogen ions and the protein, and the ionic form of a polyelectrolyte. The catalytic properties of free and immobilized enzymes were compared.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1003–1005.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shkutina, Stoyanova, Selemenev.     

Consensus values for NIST biological and environmental Standard Reference Materials

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly the National Bureau of Standards or NBS) has produced numerous Standard Reference Materials (SRM) for use in biological and environmental analytical chemistry. The value listed on the “NIST Certificate of Analysis” is the present best estimate of the “true” concentration of that element and is not expected to deviate from that concentration by more than the stated uncertainty. However, NIST does not certify the elemental concentration of every constituent and the number of elements reported in the NIST programs tends to be limited. Numerous analysts have published concentration data on these reference materials. Major journals in analytical chemistry, books, proceedings and “technical reports” have been surveyed to collect these available literature values. A standard statistical approach has been employed to evaluate the compiled data. Our methodology has been developed in a series of previous papers. Some subjective criteria are first used to reject aberrant data. Following these eliminations, an initial arithmetic mean and standard deviation (S.D.) are computed from remaining data for each element. All data now outside two S.D. from the initial mean are dropped and a second mean and S.D. recalculated. These final means and associated S.D. are reported as “consensus values” in our tables. Received: 25 April 1997 / Revised: 24 July 1977 / Accepted: 25 July 1997     

Structural equilibrium (S=0) ⇄ (S=1)and inversion of the configuration of the seven-membered saturated metal-containing ring in four-coordinate pyrazolealdiminate metal chelates of nickel(II) based on tetradentate ligands

¹H and¹³C NMR, x-ray structural analysis, and magnetic moment measurements have shown that in 5-thio(seleno)pyrazolealdiminate complexes of nickel(II) based on tetradentate ligands containing the fragment, with n=2, flattening of the chelate unit takes place in solution and in the solid state. A similar structure in which the diamine metal-containing ring has the twist-chair conformation is observed for the crystals of the complexes with n=4. For the complexes with n=4 in solution at a temperature below –50°C, rapid (on the NMR time scale) interconversion of the flattened (P) (S=0) and pseudotetrahedral (T) (S=1) structures is observed, not accompanied by inversion of the tetrahedral configuration of the metal atom. At temperatures above –50°C, in addition to the low-barrier reactions (T) (P), conversion of the seven-membered saturated metal-containing ring and inversion of the tetrahedral configuration of the Ni atom with activation barriers of 48–51 kJ/mole are observed.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 327–335, February, 1990.     

The RS-.HSR Hydrogen Bond: acidities of alpha,omega-dithiols and electron affinities of their monoradicals

Gas-phase acidities (deltaGo(acid)) have been measured for 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,3-propanedithiol, and 1,4-butanedithiol, using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) of the thiolate monoradicals of these compounds were assigned from electron photodetachment spectra of their corresponding thiolate monoanions, acquired using a cw-ICR. The dithiols exhibit enhanced acidities (up to 8.7 kcal/mol in deltaGo(acid)) and greater EAs (up to 6.7 kcal/mol) than analogous monothiol species. These differences are attributed to an intramolecular RS-.HSR hydrogen bond in the thiolate anion. Considerations of the RO-.HOR hydrogen bond in monoanions of alpha,omega-diols and in the [CH(3)O-.HOCH(3)] complex anion suggest that the RS-.HSR hydrogen bond provides up to 9 kcal/mol extra stabilization.     

Composition of lipids of the grain of opaque-2 maize

It has been established that the change in the composition of the total lipids and the fall in the fatty acid content depend on the initial maize genotype. A decrease in the amount of unsaponifiable substances in the grain of mutants is accompanied by qualitative changes in the composition regardless of the nature of the genotype.Scientific-Research Institute of Biology Dnepropetrovsk State university. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii. No. 3. pp. 360–363. May–June, 1988.     

Cyclization of n-alkylazinium cations with bisnucleophiles. 4. Regio- and stereospecificity of the reactions of β-diketones with quinoxalinium salts and their aza and benzo analogs

The reactions of substituted quinoxalinium, benzo[g]- and benzo[f]quinoxalinium, and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazinium salts with anions of -dicarbonyl compounds give furo[2,3-b]-annelated systems with strictly determined regio- and stereoorientations.See [1] for Communication 3.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1543–1548, November, 1981.