Synthesis of New Plant Growth Regulators,Isomeric 1-(Dimethyloctyl)- and 1-Alkylpiperidinium and -morpholinium Halides by Telomerization of Isoprene with Secondary Amines

The known plant growth regulator, Al'den [1-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-1-allylpiperidinium bromide], and also 1-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-1-methylpiperidinium iodide were synthesized by treatment with allyl bromide and methyl iodide, respectively, of exhaustively hydrogenated 1-nerylpiperidine which was obtained by anionic telomerization of isoprene with piperidine. Various quaternary ammonium salts having a terpene sub- stituent with unnatural dimethyloctane skeleton, which effectively stimulate florification of Aster Chinensis L., were prepared by the action of alkyl halides on telomerization products derived from isoprene and piperidine or morpholine in the presence of palladium complexes.     

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization of Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Ascidia malaca gametes before fertilization incubated in 10^?5 or 10^?7 M solutions of tributyltin(IV) chloride, TBTCl, for 3 h appear highly damaged under transmission electron microscopy observation. Also, the fertilization process is affected by the compound: the damaged spermatozoa are present in the vitelline coat and the egg does not cleave. An increase of microbodies, structurally similar to peroxisomes, have been detected in the egg peripheral cytoplasm, probably in relation to their role in alleviating damage to some cellular components. The results have shown that the reproduction of ascidians under unfavourable environmental conditions is prevented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensitive and simple cloud-point preconcentration atomic absorption spectrometry: application to the determination of cobalt in urine samples.

A new approach for developing a cloud-point extraction-flame atomic absorption spectrometric method has been described and used for the determination of cobalt. In this approach, water was removed from the final diluted surfactant rich phase obtained in cloud-point extraction procedure. The results indicated that removing water from this phase increased the enhancement factor by 4-fold. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) were used as a hydrophobic ligand and a nonionic surfactant, respectively. The chemical variables affecting the preconcentration step were optimized. The effect of the water concentration in the final diluted methanolic surfactant solution on the analytical signal was investigated. The results showed that the analytical signal decreased by 30% and 52% in 15% and 25% water concentrations in methanol, respectively. An enhancement factor of 115 was obtained for cobalt extracted from only 10 ml of a sample. The detection limit obtained under the optimal condition was 0.38 microg l(-1). The proposed procedure was applied to the determination of cobalt in urine samples.     

Photoluminescence of liquid-crystal azo derivatives in nanopores

Optics and Spectroscopy - The fluorescence of the nematic liquid crystal n-butyl-n′-methoxyazoxybenzene (BMAOB) in the form of a layer and in porous glasses with pores of different diameter...     

Reliability Estimation of Classification Algorithms. I. Introduction to the Problem. Point Frequency Estimates

The study deals with estimating the reliability of classification algorithms. The present article (the first of three) examines the statistical methods used for point estimation of the reliability of classifiers in the frequency approach. The estimation results are applicable to the small-sample case, which is of considerable importance in practice.     

Simulation of Convective Flow of an Electrically Conducting Fluid in a Cavity

A new quasi-hydrodynamic algorithm is proposed for numerical analysis of convective flows in the presence of a homogeneous external magnetic field. The Marangoni convection problem in a square cross-section cavity is solved.     

Lubin–Tate Formal Groups over the Ring of Integers of a Multidimensional Local Field

Some isomorphism criteria for Lubin–Tate formal groups over the ring of integers of a multidimensional local field are given. Bibliography: 4 titles.     

Embedding of Nonprimary Subgroups in the Symmetric Group S 9

The nonprimary subgroups of the symmetric group S ₉ are investigated. Embedding properties of these subgroups are listed in a table. Properties such as abnormality, pronormality, paranormality, weak normality, etc. were checked with the help of a computer. Algorithms and codes of the first author were used for this purpose. The research leans upon the technique of Burnside marks, as well as upon pertinent information on the table of marks of S ₉ from the computer algebra package GAP. The subgroups were investigated up to conjugacy; the total number of conjugacy classes of nonprimary subgroups of S ₉ is 432. Some subgroups were additionally checked by other programs based on the double coset method. Bibliography: 24 titles.