Condensed imidazo-1,2,4-azines. 12. Synthesis and structure of substituted 5-H-imidazo[1,2-b]-1,2,4-triazepin-4-ones (-thiones)

The synthesis has been effected of new representatives of the imidazo[1,2-b]-1,2,4-triazepin-4-ones (-thiones). It has been shown with the aid of IR and UV spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods that the lactam (thione) form is the predominant one for the compounds synthesized.For Communication 11, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 694–699, May, 1985.     

Calculation of skin permeability coefficient for ionized and unionized species of indomethacin.

The contribution of ionized and unionized species to the overall permeation of weak electrolytes through the skin was investigated to determine the effect of pH in the vehicle on the permeability of indomethacin (IDM), as a model drug, through hairless rat skin. The permeability of IDM through polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes which may reflect lipid and aqueous pathway, respectively, was also measured for comparison. As the pH in the vehicle increased, there was an exponential increase in the skin permeation rate of IDM. The permeation rate of IDM through the silicone membrane was constant independent of pH, whereas that through the pHEMA membrane increased with increasing pH, similar to the skin permeation. The permeability coefficients of ionized and unionized species through the skin estimated using the skin permeation rates and solubilities of IDM at various pHs were 1.50 x 10(-7) and 2.79 x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. These results indicated that the permeation of ionized species greatly contributed to the total permeation of IDM at higher pH, and that the total permeation rate of IDM was determined by the permeation of unionized species at lower pH. These contributions depend on the pH and pKa values and the ratio of permeability coefficient of each species. It was also confirmed that the skin has at least two kinds of permeation pathways and these two species permeate through a different pathway.     

Synthesis and Physicochemical Study of Solid Complexes of Ti(IV), Zr(IV), and Zn(II) with Chrysin

Previously unknown solid complexes of Ti(IV), Zr(IV), and Zn(II) with chrysin were isolated, identified, and studied by thermogravimetric analysis and by UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy.     

Catalytic hydroamination of furfuryl and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohols with nitriles

Reaction of furfuryl and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohols with nitriles over copper oxide catalysts under a hydrogen pressure of 15 atm at a temperature of 230C gives N-alkylfurfuryl- (yield 46–50%) and N-alkyl-tetrahydrofurfurylamines (49–53%), and N-alkylpiperidines (28–41%). A reaction mechanism is proposed.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 23–26, January, 1988.