Insights into the Reinforcement of Butyl Rubber by Carbon Black and Silica with the Aid of Their Dynamic Properties

Carbon black (N234) and silica (Vulksail N) with a silane coupling agent Si-69 were chosen as reinforcing fillers in butyl rubber (IIR). The rheological behavior of the IIR compounds and the dynamic mechanical properties of IIR vulcanizates were investigated with a rubber processing analyzer and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to examine the filler dispersion in the rubber matrix and the interaction between filler and matrix. The data indicated that the N234 filled IIR compounds had more filler networks than those filled with silica. Filler networks first appeared at 30 phr N234 and 45 phr silica with silane coupling agent Si-69. The interaction between N234 and IIR was far stronger than that between silica and IIR. However, the silica Vulksail N filled IIR had better wet-grip and lower rolling resistance compared to the carbon black-filled IIR should IIR be chosen as a substitute of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in tire tread. The reinforcing factor, R, R (related to the difference in tan d peak height at T_g for the filled and nonfilled rubbers), also demonstrated that the N234-IIR interaction was stronger than for the silica. IIR with 30 phr N234 exhibited the largest tensile strength, 20.1 MPa, for those vulcanizates examined. The tensile and tear strengths of N234 filled IIR were higher than those of IIR with similar amounts of silica. Thus, it was concluded that N234 is a more active reinforcing filler in IIR than silica (Vulksail N) even with a silane coupling agent (Si-69).     

Left–right asymmetry for pion and kaon production in the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering process

We analyze the left–right asymmetry in the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) process without introducing any weighting functions. With the current theoretical understanding, we find that the Sivers effect plays a key role in our analysis. We use the latest parametrization of the Sivers and fragmentation functions to reanalyze the π ^± production process and find that the results are sensitive to the parametrization. We also extend our calculation on the K ^± production, which can help us know more about the Sivers distribution of the sea quarks and the unfavored fragmentation processes. HERMES kinematics with a proton target, COMPASS kinematics with a proton, deuteron, and neutron target (the information on the neutron target can be effectively extracted from the ³He target), and JLab kinematics (both 6 GeV and 12 GeV) with a proton and neutron target are considered in our paper.     

量纲分析的线性代数方法

把量纲概念与矢量空间联系起来,提出用线性代数进行量纲分析的方法,并举例说明。     

Effect of high temperature band gap of GaN annealing on strain and nanoparticles

<正>Black-coloured GaN nanoparticles with an average grain size of 50 nm have been obtained by annealing GaN nanoparticles under flowing nitrogen at 1200℃for 30 min.XRD measurement result indicates an increase in the lattice parameter of the GaN nanoparticles annealed at 1200℃,and HRTEM image shows that the increase cannot be ascribed to other ions in the interstitial positions.If the as-synthesised GaN nanoparticles at 950℃are regarded as standard,the thermal expansion changes nonlinearly with temperature and is anisotropic;the expansion below 1000℃is smaller than that above 1000℃.This study provides an experimental demonstration for selecting the proper annealing temperature of GaN.In addition,a large blueshift in optical bandgap of the annealed GaN nanoparticles at 1200℃is observed,which can be ascribed to the dominant transitions from the C（Γ₇） with the peak energy at 3.532 eV.     

Indium distribution and light emission in wurtzite InGaN alloys: Several-atom In-N clusters

Considering various In distributions, we investigate electronic structures and light emission of wurtzite In_xGa_1 − xN (0?x?1) alloys. We find In_xGa_1 − xN forms a random alloy, in which many several-atom In-N clusters and short In-N- chains can exist. Small In-N clusters, especially in-plane ones, strongly localize valence electrons and dominate light emission in Ga-rich In_xGa_1 − xN alloys, which is consistent with experiments.     

High performance uncooled InAsSbP/InGaAs photodiodes for the 1.8–3.4 μm wavelength range

Room temperature In_0.97Ga_0.03As photodiodes with an InAs_0.36Sb_0.20P_0.44 transparent window layer operating in the mid-infrared region over the wavelength range 1.8–3.4 μm are reported. The InAs_0.36Sb_0.20P_0.44/In_0.97Ga_0.03As heterojunction photodiodes were grown on p-type (100) InAs substrates by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). Basic detector characteristics have been measured and compared with other detectors in this wavelength range. The typical detectivity of the photodiodes is 1.2 × 10¹⁰ cm Hz^1/2/W at room temperature, which compares very favourably with that of TE cooled HgCdTe and is at least three times that of cooled PbSe photoconductors. The InAs_0.36Sb_0.20P_0.44/In_0.97Ga_0.03As heterojunction photodiodes offer the advantage of increased sensitivity and extended wavelength response at room temperature compared with that of currently available commercial photodetectors, making them an attractive alternative for a number of mid-infrared applications including optical gas sensors and infrared spectrometers.     

Preparation and microwave-absorbing properties of NiFe2O4-polystyrene composites

NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method with acrylamide as the monomer and N,N′-methylenediacrylamide as lattice agent. The average crystallite sizes of the nickel ferrites annealed at 500, 600 and 800 °C are about 10, 30 and 50 nm, respectively. Ferrite-polystyrene composites were made by hot pressing, and microwave-absorbing properties of the composites with different contents of 35, 45, 55 and 65 wt% ferrite were investigated by testing complex permeability and complex permittivity in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) frequency range. All the parameters, ε′, ε″, μ′ and μ″, increase with increasing ferrite content. The reflection losses were calculated based on a model of a single-layered plane wave absorber backed by a perfect conductor. The composite with 65 wt% ferrite content shows a minimum reflection loss of −13 dB at 11.5 GHz with a −10 dB bandwidth over the extended frequency range of 10.3-13 GHz for an absorber thickness of 2 mm.     

甲醇在二氧化钛上的光化学性质与表面结构的相关性

通过双光子光电子的方法探测了TiO₂(011)-(2×1) 和TiO₂(110)-(1×1)表面的光催化氧化甲醇的性质. 在吸附了甲醇的二氧化钛(011)和(110)界面处探测到了一个费米能级以上2.5 eV的电子激发态,该电子激发态可作为测试二氧化钛界面还原性的探针使用. 利用此探针在甲醇/TiO₂(011)-(2×1)和甲醇/TiO₂(110)-(1×1)界面探测到了一个随光照时间的电子激发态信号变化,这一变化可以归于光催化生成的表面羟基对界面还原性的影响. 由此得出的光催化氧化甲醇的速率TiO₂(110)-(1×1)比TiO₂(011)-(2×1)快了大约11.4倍. 这可能由于表面原子结构排布的原因不同. 本工作不仅介绍了一个利用双光子光电子能谱探测到的甲醇/TiO₂界面电子结构的细节特征,还揭示了表面结构对二氧化钛光反应性质的重要影响.     

Ti(SO_4)_2水解-水热法制备锐钛型纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为原料,在水热条件下直接水解合成了锐钛型纳米TiO2颗粒。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、BET低温吸附和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等方法对产物进行了表征,并研究了样品光催化降解甲基橙(MO)的性能。结果表明所制得纳米TiO2颗粒为锐钛矿型,晶型良好,平均粒径为24 nm,BET比表面积约为56.20 m2.g-1。光催化活性与商品纳米TiO2(P25)相近,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Thermal-induced nonlinear optical characteristics of ethanol solution doped with silver nanoparticles

The investigation of nonlinear optical characteristics of ethanol solution doped with is presented. A large thermal-induced third-order nonlinear refractive index up to silver nanoparticles 1.941× 10^-7 cm2/W is obtained from the mixed solution under 488-nm continue wave （CW） laser irradiation, which may result from surface plasmon resonance （SPR） enhancement effect of silver nanoparticles as well as high thermo-optic coefficient and low thermal conductivity of ethanol. Obvious spatial self-phase modulation and influence of thermal-induced negative lens effect are observed when a beam propagates through this solution, indicating promising applications such as optical limiting, beam flattening, and so on.