Preparation of Tc-HA complex by displacement of thiourea from the hexakis(thiourea-S)technetium(III) complex

The complexation of technetium with humic acid is usually done by a reduction of pertechnetate by Sn²⁺ ions. A Tc-HA complex can be scavenged in a Sn-HA complex, if tin is present as reductant. The main aim of the study was a preparation of the Tc-HA complex without impurities of Sn ions or other metal reductant, which was performed by a ligand exchange with hexakis(thiourea-S)technetium(III) under nitrogen atmosphere at pH 5.5. The [Tc(tu)₆]³⁺ complex was prepared from TcO₄ ^- in acidic solution with thiourea as a reductant. Presence of the Tc-HA complex and other technetium species was determined by gel chromatography, paper chromatography and dialysis. Yield of Tc-HA complex was about 80% and reaction mixture contains about 20% of technetium dioxide, which is a side product of ligand-exchange.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of large samples: A pilot experiment

A large sample INAA (LS-INAA) was conducted based on available experimental conditions. Four different materials, e.g., a quartz-sand and three wastes from an incineration plant were analyzed on sample size of 1 kg. The neutron flux spatial distribution was determined by irradiation of flux monitors in the sample. The gamma-ray apparent counting efficiency was evaluated based on the effective-solid angle concept, using linear attenuation coefficients calculated from an iteration process. The k ₀- and the modified monostandard methods were modified for the LS-INAA. To check the LS-INAA performance, a conventional small sample INAA was carried out for the quartz sand and a waste. All detected elements in the LS-INAA are presented and the discussion is conducted to explore the sources of errors in the LS-INAA. As a pilot experiment, the information from this work will be used in constructing irradiation and counting devices for the new FRM-II neutron source in Garching, Germany.     

The mechanism of thermal decomposition of Co(NO3)2 · 2H2O

The mechanism of thermal decomposition of Co(NO₃)₂ · 2H₂O was found to involve stages in which Co(NO₃)₃ and Co₂O₃ · H₂O are formed both of which decompose to Co₃O₄. During the process, the total cobalt enters the +3 oxidation state, which is consistent with the results reported by Mehandjiev [2].

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde gefunden, daß der Zersetzungsmechanismus von Co(NO₃)₂ · 2H₂O Schritte umfaßt, bei denen Co(NO₃)₃ sowie Co₂O₃ · H₂O gebildet werden, beides weiterzerfallend zu Co₃O₄. Während des Vorganges erreicht das Gesamtkobalt die Oxidationsstufe +3, was mit Ergebnissen von Mehandjiev übereinstimmt [2].

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, , CO₃O₄. , .

     

Zur Analytik des Cers in cerberuhigten St?hlen

Zusammenfassung Die eisenmetallurgische Bedeutung des Cers geht über seine Rolle bei der Ausbildung von Kugelgraphit in Spliäroguß hinaus. Dem Cer wird unter anderem im Stahlbereich günstiger Einfluß auf eine Reihe mechanischer Eigenschaften des Werkstoffs zugeschrieben. Wird die Beruhigung einer Stahlschmelze mit Cermischmetall durchgeführt, so können die nichtmetallischen Einschlüsse in solchen Stählen Ceroxid enthalten. Das von Eckhard, Koch u. Mähr für die Analyse oxidischer Stahlgefügebestandteile entwickelte spektrographische Bestimmungsverfahren erfaßt zunächst die Oxide der Elemente Aluminium, Calcium, Chrom, Eisen, Magnesium, Mangan, Silicium und Titan. Es kann durch Heranziehung geeigneter Analysenlinien ohne sonstige Abänderung auch auf weitere Elemente ausgedehnt werden.Die Bestimmung des Cers gelingt dagegen nach diesem Verfahren nicht. Die Gründe für das Versagen werden diskutiert und untersucht, wie weit durch eine geeignete Abwandlung des Verfahrens das Cer erfaßt werden kann. Da das Erreichte unbefriedigend blieb, wurde ein röntgenfluorescenzspektrometrisches Lösungsverfahren mit innerem Standard entwickelt. Mit dieser Arbeitsweise kann neben dem Cer in Einschlüssen auch der Cergehalt im Stahl direkt bestimmt werden.

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Summary Cerium not only is used to form nodular graphite in spheroidal cast iron. It is also considered to influence some mechanical properties of steel. The killing of molten steel by misch metal causes oxide inclusions in the steel which include cerium and other rare earths accompanied by it in the misch metal. In the oxide inclusions normally Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si, and Ti can be determined by the spectrographic procedure formerly developed by Eckhard, Koch and Mahr, the same method being able to be transferred to other elements only by selecting suitable detection lines of the elements concerned. However, cerium cannot be detected in this manner. The reasons of the failure are discussed and a modified method for the determination of cerium in oxide inclusions is described. The direct determination of cerium in steel is discussed, too. All results obtained in the optical wave-length range are rather unsatisfactory. Thus, methods of X-ray fluorescence analysis were tried. These seem to be rather adequate to solve all analytical problems resulting from the use of misch metal in the metallurgy of iron and steel.

     

Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 167 [1, 2]. Konstitutions- und Konfigurationsisomere von Pentaphosphan(7), P5H7

Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 167. Constitutional and Configurational Isomers of Pentaphosphane(7), P₅H₇ Phosphane mixtures containing 10—15 P-% of pentaphosphane(7), P₅H₇, are obtained by thermolysis of diphosphane, P₂H₄, or as residue from distillation of crude diphosphane [3]. According to the complete analysis of the ³¹P{¹H}-NMR spectrum on the basis of selective population transfer experiments, P₅H₇ exists as a mixture of three diastereomers of n-P₅H₇ — 1a (erythro, erythro), 1b (erythro, threo), 1c (threo, threo) — and of the constitutional isomer 2-phosphinotetraphosphane 2 (iso-P₅H₇, largest relative isomeric abundance). The correlation between the diastereomers and the observed spin systems results from the preferred gauche orientation of neighboring free electron pairs, the dependence of ¹J(PP) on dihedral angles, and the ³J(PP) long range couplings. From the ³¹P-NMR data of the phosphane molecules P_nH_n+2 with n = 1—5 general relationships for the δ(³¹P) values and the ¹J(PP) coupling constants of chain-type phosphorus hydrides as a function of their structural parameters are derived.     

Multi-step polymer-assisted solution-phase (PASP) library synthesis of functionalized diaminobenzamides

A parallel solution-phase library synthesis of functionalized diaminobenzamides is described. The four-step library synthesis is accomplished using polymer-assisted solution-phase (PASP) synthesis techniques. This high-yielding, multi-step sequence utilizes sequestering resins for the removal of reactants, reactant by-products, and employs a resin capture/release strategy as a key library synthesis step. Step one of the sequence relies on the displacement of an activated fluoro-group from the aromatic ring of 1a, b with a variety of primary amines to introduce the first diversity position. Step two is hydrolysis of the benzoate ester to a benzoic acid which is subsequently captured on a polyamine resin, washed, and released to give 4a, b in pure form. Step three utilizes PASP resins to mediate the amide coupling of a benzoic acid with a variety of primary amines to give the aminonitrobenzamides 5a, b and introduces the second diversity position. Step four is the parallel reduction of the aminonitrobenzamides 5a, b to the functionalized diaminobenzamides 6a, b. This library synthesis proceeds with high overall purities which average 80 % over the 4-step sequence.     

Molecular vibrations of free and complexed ligands:symmetry coordinates for the Ni(PF3)4 model

Symmetry coordinates of molecular vibrations for the Ni(PF₃)₄ type model are deduced. They are classified as the coordinates for (a) ligand vibrations, (b) ligand-framework couplings, (c) framework vibrations, and finally (d) the redundant coordinates.     

2-Formylation of 3-arylindoles

The preparation of $\text{N}$-substituted-3-(4-fluorophenyl)indoles R = H, CH₃, $\text{i}$-Pr) and their direct formylation at the 2-position by Vilsmeier-Haack or Friedel-Crafts methodologies is described.     

Dominant Factors Affecting the Chromatographic Behaviour of Bile Acids

With the aim of optimizing the chromatographic process by avoiding any preliminary derivatizing step, we examined the chromatographic behaviour of a selected set of unconjugated bile acids looking at the dominant factors that affect the performances of three different stationary phases: RP-8, RP-18 and RP-18 Base Deactivated (RP-18-BD). Accordingly to its structural peculiarity, the RP-18-BD column combined with a specific mobile phase has proved to be the most suitable one, in enhancing both separation factor α and resolution R _S within the selected set of analytes. Pronounced changes in the chromatographic profiles by only slightly changing the mobile phase composition (pH, buffer concentration, percentage and kind of organic modifier) prompted us to achieve satisfactory results in the separation and resolution of the selected set of bile acids.Presented at: CE in the Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Industries: 7th symposium on the practical applications for the analysis of proteins, nucleotides and small molecules, Montreal, Canada, August 12–16, 2005.An erratum to this article can be found at     

The first genuine observation of fluorescent mononuclear phthalocyanine aggregates

An initial photophysical study of a tetra-solketal-substituted zinc phthalocyanine is reported; at low temperature this compound exhibits very strong aggregation, and a new red shifted emission peak is observed, lambda max approximately 750 nm, attributed to a fluorescent phthalocyanine dimer.