A probability distribution for precipitation data analysis

Hydrologic design is often based on assessments of large return interval measures; it is vital to be able to conclude them as precisely as possible. Henceforth, the selection of a probability distribution is very crucial for such cases. In view of this scenario, we propose and study a pliant probability distribution for precipitation data analysis. Some mathematical and statistical properties are analyzed. In order to make stronger predictions and judge the realistic return period, we have also characterized the model via Laplace transformation. We have estimated its parameters via the maximum likelihood estimation and constructed its information matrix for developing the confidence belt of population parameters. Moreover, a real-life setup is also considered by applying the model over precipitation data of diverse regions, including Jacksonville, Florida (USA), Barkhan (Pakistan), British Columbia (Canada), and Alexandria (Egypt). This investigated study is based on various statistical parametric and nonparametric tests, which indicates that the proposed model is one of the better strategies for precipitation data analysis when compared with the famous three-parameter Kappa model.     

Effects of large suction in natural convection boundary layer on a horizontal plate

The natural convection boundary layer on a horizontal plate with suction is investigated. The similar solutions of the boundary layer equations require suction to vary as a power law. The similarity equations have been integrated for various values of suction parameter and Prandtl number =0.72 and 6.8. For non-similar flow situation, a large suction approximation has been developed using the asymptotic approach. It is shown that large suction approximation is surprisingly good even for moderate values of suction parameter.

---

Einflüsse großer Wirkung auf die Grenzschicht bei freier Konvektion an einer horizontalen Platte

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Grenzschicht bei freier Konvektion auf einer horizontalen Platte unter Saugwirkung untersucht. Die Ähnlichkeitslösungen der Grenzschichtgleichungen machen es erforderlich, die Saugwirkung in Form eines Exponentialansatzes zu variieren. Die Ähnlichkeitsgleichungen wurden für verschiedene Werte des Saugparameters und für Prandtl-Zahlen zwischen 0,72 und 6,8 integriert. Für nicht-ähnliche Strömungszustände wurde eine Lösung für die Saugwirkung auf der Basis der asymptotischen Näherung entwickelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Näherungslösung für große Saugwirkung auch erstaunlich gute Ergebnisse für geringe Werte von Saug-Parametern liefert.

     

Novel Bis(2‐(5‐((5‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)phenoxy)Alkanes: Synthesis and Characterization

In this study, 10 different substituted aromatic bis‐benzaldehydes were synthesized by treating hydroxy benzaldehydes with various dihaloalkanes. Bis aldehydes 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j were treated with 2‐(5‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazole‐1‐yl)acetohydrazide ( 3 ) in acidic medium and in the presence of ammonium acetate to yield a series of new isomeric bis(2‐(5‐((5‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)phenoxy)alkanes ( 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g , 6h , 6i , 6j ) in excellent to good yield. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by the available spectroscopic analysis.     

Synthesis of Arylated Benzofurans by Regioselective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,3‐Dibromobenzofurans‐ and 2,3,5‐Tribromobenzofurans

Arylated benzofurans were prepared by regioselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of 2,3‐dibromobenzofuran. The reactions proceeded with very good site‐selectivity in favor of the more electron deficient position 2. The Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of 2,3,5‐tribromobenzofuran also proceeded in favor of position 2.     

Synthesis,Chemical Characterization,DNA Interaction and Antioxidant,Studies of New Nitrosubstituted Thioureas and Their Copper Complexes

In the present work new nitro substituted thioureas, and their copper complexes have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR and multinuclear NMR techniques. Some of the compounds namely 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐1), 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) and 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) have also been characterized by single crystal XRD. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for DNA binding potencies (using cyclic voltametry, UV‐vis spectroscopy) and free radical scavanging activities.     

Diorganotin(IV) Complexes with Monohydrate Disodium Salt of Iminodiacetic Acid: Synthesis,Characterization, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities

Diorganotin(IV) derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of R₂SnL₂ (R=n‐Bu 1 , Ph 2 ) with monohydrate disodium salt of iminodiacetic acid ( Na₂L ) in 1 : 1 M/L ratio under reflux conditions. The compounds have been characterized by FT‐IR, NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectoscopy, electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and single crystal XRD. FTIR data indicates a mono‐dentate binding mode of the carboxylic acid group as well as participation of the amino nitrogen and aqua oxygen in coordination with organotin(IV) moieties. NMR data demonstrates a tetra‐coordinated environment around tin(IV) in solution. Mass spectrometric and thermogravimetric analyses verify the close similarities between the molecular structures of both complexes. The thermal stability of diphenyltin(IV) derivative ( 2 ) was found slightly higher than that of the free ligand ( Na₂L ). Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the complex 1 have shown a hexa‐coordinated geometry around Sn(IV) with trans configuration. There are evidences for the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the structure of the complexes. The products displayed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities in contrast to the biologically inactive ligand precursor. However, the hemolytic cytoxicity of the complexes was comparatively high than the free ligand.     

Metal ion-induced H-aggregation of a water-soluble anionic dye Congo red (CR) in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film

Present communication reports the preparation of Langmuir monolayer of water-soluble anionic dye Congo red (CR) by allowing it to adsorb from the aqueous subphase onto the preformed Langmuir monolayer of anionic stearic acid using divalent metal cations Mg²⁺ as mediator. Isotherm and compressibility studies of SA-Mg-CR hybrid monolayer gave valuable information about the molecular organisation in the Langmuir monolayer. Absorption spectroscopic studies revealed the formation of H-aggregates in the hybrid Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films fabricated at lower salt concentration in the subphase. Atomic Force Microscopic image gave visual evidence of distinct nanocrystalline domains in the LB monolayer film.     

A stochastic portfolio optimization model with complete memory

In this article, we consider a portfolio optimization problem of the Merton’s type with complete memory over a finite time horizon. The problem is formulated as a stochastic control problem on a finite time horizon and the state evolves according to a process governed by a stochastic process with memory. The goal is to choose investment and consumption controls such that the total expected discounted utility is maximized. Under certain conditions, we derive the explicit solutions for the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations in a finite-dimensional space for exponential, logarithmic, and power utility functions. For those utility functions, verification results are established to ensure that the solutions are equal to the value functions, and the optimal controls are also derived.