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141.
Nemanick EJ Hurley PT Brunschwig BS Lewis NS 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(30):14800-14808
Crystalline Si(111) surfaces have been alkylated in a two-step chlorination/alkylation process using sterically bulky alkyl groups such as (CH3)2CH- (iso-propyl), (CH3)3C- (tert-butyl), and C6H5- (phenyl) moieties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data in the C 1s region of such surfaces exhibited a low energy emission at 283.9 binding eV, consistent with carbon bonded to Si. The C 1s XPS data indicated that the alkyls were present at lower coverages than methyl groups on CH(3)-terminated Si(111) surfaces. Despite the lower alkyl group coverage, no Cl was detected after alkylation. Functionalization with the bulky alkyl groups effectively inhibited the oxidation of Si(111) surfaces in air and produced low (<100 cm s(-1)) surface recombination velocities. Transmission infrared spectroscopy indicated that the surfaces were partially H-terminated after the functionalization reaction. Application of a reducing potential, -2.5 V vs Ag+/Ag, to Cl-terminated Si(111) electrodes in tetrahydrofuran resulted in the complete elimination of Cl, as measured by XPS. The data are consistent with a mechanism in which the reaction of alkyl Grignard reagents with the Cl-terminated Si(111) surfaces involves electron transfer from the Grignard reagent to the Si, loss of chloride to solution, and subsequent reaction between the resultant silicon radical and alkyl radical to form a silicon-carbon bond. Sites sterically hindered by neighboring alkyl groups abstract a H atom to produce Si-H bonds on the surface. 相似文献
142.
Wide view (WV) film is an important material in the polariser. It is a hybrid-aligned, discotic liquid crystal (DLC) on an alignment layer on the tri-acetyl cellulose film, which is used as compensation film in twisted nematic (TN) mode liquid crystal display (LCD). The relation between the alignment direction of the DLC in the WV film and the rubbing direction of the polyimide on the glass substrate in the TN mode LCD was investigated. The results indicated that the contrast ratio (CR) of the TN mode LCD can be increased by adjusting this angle . When an 88°?rubbing angle was used in this work, the CR of the TN mode LCD could reach 1000:1 and the horizontal and vertical viewing angles were 170 and 160°, respectively. 相似文献
143.
The molecular Re(V) complex, chlorobis(2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline)-oxorhenium(V), Re(O)(hoz)(2)Cl, has been investigated as a suitable precursor, when combined with activated carbon powder containing 5 wt % Pd, to provide a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of aqueous perchlorate by hydrogen. Two general methods for catalyst preparation have been adopted: first, by a standard "incipient wetness" impregnation of the carbon powder with handling under largely aerobic conditions for convenience and, second, by a completely anaerobic procedure maintaining a hydrogen atmosphere during adsorption of the complex in water onto the powder. Both types of catalyst were efficient for the complete reduction of perchlorate to chloride within a few hours at room temperature over a range of initial concentrations (2-200 ppm) under 1 atm of H(2) and acidic conditions (pH 2.7-3.7). The perchlorate reduction profiles displayed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rates were insensitive to excess chloride. Complete reduction of perchlorate was observed even at pH 5.9 in a phosphate buffer over the course of two weeks. Under comparable conditions, chlorate reduction proceeded ca. 10 times more quickly than perchlorate reduction. The impregnated catalyst was examined by STEM/EDS, which revealed a wide distribution in Pd nanoparticle sizes and also suggested that the Re complex did not aggregate preferentially on or near the Pd particles. XPS of this material provided evidence for reduced Pd after the reaction, but only a +7 oxidation state was seen for the Re sites both pre- and postreduction. Elemental analyses of the catalyst materials taken pre- and postreduction showed variable amounts of Re loss (0-50%) but relatively unchanged amounts of nitrogen. These results show the need to maintain a reducing atmosphere during the preparation and operation of the catalyst in order to achieve optimum activity and stability. 相似文献
144.
A Mindlin-type plate theory, appropriate for laser-line irradiation of a single-crystal plate with cubic symmetry, is developed to predict the temporal displacement profile in the far-field of the laser source. The [100] crystal axis coincides with the plate normal and the [010] crystal axis is inclined at an angle to the laser-line source. A formal solution for the out-of-plane displacements is obtained using Laplace and Fourier transforms. Both thermoelastic and non-thermal photostrictive source mechanisms are considered. For the particular problem of photostrictive generation, the spatial and temporal dependence are recovered using a hybrid analytical and numerical inversion scheme. Experimental data for a single crystal silicon plate, obtained via pulse laser generation and interferometric detection, is compared with theory. 相似文献
145.
Anthranilic acid reacts with chloroacetonitrile and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine in DMF to yield 3‐imino‐2,3‐dihydro‐4,1‐benzoxazepin‐5(1H)‐one (1) as the only reaction product. Also known as Ashley's fluorescer, compound 1 is fluorescent and binds to calcium carbonate, including the calcium carbonate‐rich antennae of Daphnia pulex, the water flea. 相似文献
146.
M. Modreanu M. Gartner E. Aperathitis N. Tomozeiu M. Androulidaki D. Cristea Paul Hurley 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2003,16(3-4):461
Structures containing silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) are very promising for Si-based light-emitting devices. Using a technology compatible with that of silicon, a broader wavelength range of the emitted photoluminescence (PL) was obtained with nc-Si/SiO2 multilayer structures. The main characteristic of these structures is that both layers are light emitters. In this study we report results on a series of nc-Si/SiO2 multilayer periods deposited on 200 nm thermal oxide SiO2/Si substrate. Each period contains around 10 nm silicon thin films obtained by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition at T=625°C and 100 nmSiO2 obtained by atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition T=400°C. Optical and microstructural properties of the multilayer structures have been studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry (using the Bruggemann effective medium approximation model for multilayer and multicomponent films), FTIR and UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of SiOx structural entities in each nc-Si/SiO2 interface. Investigation of the PL spectra (using continuous wave-CW 325 nm and pulsed 266 nm laser excitation) has shown several peaks at 1.7, 2, 2.3, 2.7, 3.2 and 3.7 eV, associated with the PL centres in SiO2, nc-Si and Si–SiO2 interface. Their contribution to the PL spectra depends on the number of layers in the stack. 相似文献
147.
In some organized minor sports programs where there is early competitive streaming, players born early in the year are more likely to reach elite levels than those born late in the year. This is generally attributed to the calendar year system most minor sports programs use to group players for the purposes of competition. In this paper I show how to devise more equitable systems based only on player ages. These systems rotate the relative age advantage so that those players born late in the calendar year are not always the youngest players in their age division. 相似文献
148.
149.
M. P. Sulbaek Andersen D. A. Ponomarev O. J. Nielsen M. D. Hurley T. J. Wallington 《Chemical physics letters》2001,350(5-6):423-426
Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with iodobenzene (C6H5I) in 20–700 Torr of N2, air, or O2 diluent at 296 K. The reaction proceeds with a rate constant k(Cl+C6H5I)=(3.3±0.7)×10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 to give chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) in a yield which is indistinguishable from 100%. The title reaction proceeds via a displacement mechanism (probably addition followed by elimination). 相似文献
150.
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Abbildung und 1 Tabelle 相似文献