超短光脉冲作用下的二能级原子

考虑到光场的振幅随时间分布的影响时,我们重新研究了光场与二能级原子相互作用的跃迁几率问题。在强光信号作用下,经过一定的数学代换后,上能级几率的求解可归结为类希尔方程求解;在弱光信号作用下,利用转动波近似(RWA),给出了二能级原子跃迁几率的解析表达式,并讨论了几种典型脉冲光场的分布。     

描述高自旋体系的密度算符方法

提出了一种描述高自旋弱偶合体系NMR实验谱的密度算符方法,给出了高自旋体系密度算符在自旋偶合作用下的演化公式。以氘核(²D)为例,计算了重聚INEPT和同核COSY实验谱。     

基于线计算的全加器设计

随着集成电路特征尺寸的不断缩小, 互连线在芯片内部占的比重越来越大, 但是互连线仅用于数据传输, 芯片计算能力仍然需要依靠晶体管开关实现. 如何在有限的硬件资源内进一步提高芯片的计算能力, 已经成为当前集成电路设计的核心问题. 本文通过研究金属互连线间电容耦合效应, 采用互连线串扰现象完成逻辑运算的思想, 提出一种基于线计算的全加器设计方案. 该方案首先建立线计算模型, 通过调整反相器阈值和不同干扰线与受扰线之间电容耦合强度匹配技术, 采用相同线计算电路结构实现不同功能的逻辑门电路; 然后, 在逻辑门的基础上实现基于线计算的全加器; 最后, 在TSMC 65nm CMOS工艺下仿真验证. 结果表明, 所设计的线计算电路具有正确逻辑功能, 与传统设计方法相比, 线计算逻辑门具有更低开销, 且线计算电路具有抗逆向工程能力.     

YB叶片泵降噪途径的探讨

通过对ＹＢ型叶片泵的固体振动、液压冲击与脉动的噪声测定与分析，确定噪声源并探讨了对该类泵行之有效的降噪途径。文章对新颖的高次方程定子曲线特性进行了数学模拟，并确定其特征方程各系数，同时，文章又探讨了对减振槽的优化设计，以其最小压差、最低液压冲击作为目标函数，确定了减振槽最佳几何尺寸。     

Constraining Lorentz invariance violation from the continuous spectra of short gamma-ray bursts

In some quantum gravity theories, a foamy structure of space-time may lead to Lorentz invariance violation(LIV). As the most energetic explosions in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) provide an effect way to probe quantum gravity effects. In this paper, we use the continuous spectra of 20 short GRBs detected by the Swift satellite to give a conservative lower limit of quantum gravity energy scale MQG. Due to the LIV effect, photons with different energy have different velocities. This will lead to the delayed arrival of high energy photons relative to low energy ones. Based on the fact that the LIV-induced time delay cannot be longer than the duration of a GRB,we present the most conservative estimate of the quantum gravity energy scales from 20 short GRBs. The strictest constraint, M_(QG) 5.05 × 10~(14) GeV in the linearly corrected case, is from GRB 140622 A. Our constraint on MQG,although not as tight as previous results, is the safest and most reliable so far.     

脉冲功率晶闸管反向恢复特性

为建立有效的晶闸管模型来仿真晶闸管关断时过电压,减小晶闸管过压损坏的概率,以最大通流150 kA、耐压5.2 kV的脉冲晶闸管为研究对象,将其前置于脉冲形成单元回路中作为大功率开关使用,记录放电过程中晶闸管两端电压及电流。实验数据表明：恢复过程中的电流下降率、反向恢复电荷、反向恢复电流峰值随通态电流峰值的增大而增大,晶闸管关断时间随通态电流峰值的增大而减小。此外,在关断过程中,当电流下降率在-50~1000 A/s时,电流下降率与电流峰值为线性关系。因此,在大脉冲电流条件下,推导反向恢复过程参数与通态电流参数的关系时电流下降率可用与电流峰值的线性关系代替。基于Matlab仿真平台,建立了具有反向恢复过程的脉冲晶闸管模型。该模型仿真得到的晶闸管反向恢复电流峰值与实测结果较为吻合,反向恢复电压尚待进一步修正。     

A facile method for the synthesis of large‐size Ag nanoparticles as efficient SERS substrates

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) enjoy a reputation as an ultrasensitive substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, large‐scale synthesis of Ag NPs in a controlled manner is a challenging task for a long period of time. Here, we reported a simple seed‐mediated method to synthesize Ag NPs with controllable sizes from 50 to 300 nm, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SERS spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) from the as‐prepared Ag NPs substrates indicate that the enhancement capability of Ag NPs varies with different excitation wavelengths. The Ag NPs with average sizes of ~150, ~175, and ~225 nm show the highest SERS activities for 532, 633, and 785‐nm excitation, respectively. Significantly, 150‐nm Ag NPs exhibit an enhancement factor exceeding 10⁸ for pyridine (Py) molecules in electrochemical SERS (EC‐SERS) measurements. Furthermore, finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculation is employed to explain the size‐dependent SERS activity. Finally, the potential of the as‐prepared SERS substrates is demonstrated with the detection of malachite green. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.