基于声发射矩张量分析混凝土破坏的裂纹运动

从细观上看, 混凝土是一种由骨料、水泥浆基体、裂纹等组成的非均匀复合材料. 单轴准静态加载条件下, 应力应变曲线表现出明显的准脆性特征. 其变形破坏过程实质上是内部微裂纹产生、扩展和汇合的过程, 研究细观尺度的裂纹扩展演化将有助于深入了解混凝土的变形和破坏过程. 声发射作为一种物理检测方法可以获取材料内部细观损伤演化的物理信息. 本文基于声发射技术, 结合改进的时差定位算法和矩张量理论对声发射信号进行分析, 反演了混凝土巴西劈裂破坏中裂纹位置、裂纹类型以及裂纹面运动方向, 揭示了混凝土宏观拉伸破坏的细观裂纹扩展机制. 结果表明: 裂纹运动过程清晰地显示了混凝土内裂纹源首先在试件与载荷接触面附近产生, 之后聚集形成局部损伤区域, 并沿轴线向中心扩展(加载平面)以及裂纹从试件中间向表面扩展的动态过程(厚度方向); 裂纹运动体积可以作为裂纹形成、扩展过程中弹性能释放的度量, 初始裂纹成核时体积参数较小, 峰值载荷时, 裂纹运动体积最大达到$5.93\times10^{-4}$ mm$^{3}$; 混凝土宏观尺度的拉伸破坏在细观尺度上存在有拉伸裂纹、混合裂纹以及剪切裂纹; 拉伸裂纹最多, 占裂纹总数约为60%, 剪切裂纹最少, 约占裂纹总数的10%; 拉伸裂纹运动主导了试件的宏观劈裂破坏.      

复杂光学系统的全局优化

逃逸函数法是目前最为实用的光学系统全局优化算法之一。这种全局优化的运行由多个不加或加入逃逸函数的阻尼最小二乘法局部优化组成。探讨了提高其优化效率的方法,提出了两个搜索机制以便提高各个局部优化的效率。首先搜索最佳阻尼因子,从而确定多维结构变量空间中解向量的最优方向;再沿该方向搜索解向量的最优长度。此外,用实验方法确定了逃逸函数的控制参数的最佳缺省值。在此基础上成功地研制了实用化的复杂光学系统全局优化程序。     

Silk-mediated synthesis and modification of photoluminescent ZnO nanoparticles

In this article, a bio-inspired silk-mediated method was established to produce natural material-modified photoluminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO). Silk fibroin fibers were employed as the reactive substrates to synthesize nano-ZnO, and silk fibroins (SF) were taken as the biocompatible stabilizers to modify dispersed nano-ZnO. As-prepared nano-ZnO were mainly hexagonal phase particles with diameter around 13 nm. The resulting nano-ZnO/SF hybrids displayed orange emission and good biocompatibility in aqueous system.     

Direct synthesis of β-ketophosphine oxides via copper-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes with H-phosphine oxides and dioxygen

A simple copper-catalyzed direct difunctionalization of alkenes with H-phosphine oxides and dioxygen for the synthesis of β-ketophosphine oxides has been developed under mild conditions. The present protocol, which utilizes an inexpensive catalyst, readily available materials, and environmentally benign oxygen source, provides a convenient and cost-effective approach to construct various β-ketophosphine oxides.     

Synthetic [FeFe]-H2ase models bearing phosphino thioether chelating ligands

Through the oxidation-reduction combination procedure, the neutral tri-substituted {2Fe3S} complex 2 was synthesized by replacing the CO ligand in 1 with phosphine. This substitution leads to the Fe-Fe bonds in 1 and 2 with large Lewis basicity difference, i.e. △pK_a^MeCN~10.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂胶中的氯霉素

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定蜂胶中氯霉素残留的方法。样品用水提取后,以醋酸铅溶液作为沉淀剂除去样品中的大部分黄酮类成分,用液-液萃取的方式提取样品中的氯霉素残留,最后以HPLC-MS/MS对样品进行定性、定量分析。该方法采用内标法定量,线性范围为0.05～2.0 μg/L,相关系数为0.9996;方法的检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)和定量限(以S/N=10计)分别为0.1 μg/kg和0.3 μg/kg;回收率范围为70.1%～94.0%,日内精密度小于10%,日间精密度在15.0%以下。该方法简便快捷,能除去蜂胶中的大部分黄酮类成分,减少了干扰,可以用于蜂胶中氯霉素残留的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中曲酸

建立了食品中新型防腐剂曲酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱的定量测定方法。动物禽肉、鱼虾甲壳类、酱菜类、水果蔬菜、面制品等固体样品经乙腈提取;酱及酱油、醋、酒、饮料、糖浆等液体样品经水稀释,乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾沉淀蛋白;以C18柱为分离柱,流动相为乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵甲酸溶液,采用电喷雾串联四极杆质谱进行检测。选择1个母离子和2个子离子进行选择反应监测,以13C6-曲酸作为内标,选择信号最强的子离子进行定量测定。固体类基质中的定量限(按信噪比(S/N)大于10计)为0.1 mg/kg;液体类基质中的定量限为2.5 mg/kg。在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r＞0.99。各种基质在3个添加水平的平均回收率在72.6%～114%之间,相对标准偏差均小于11.4%。本方法简单实用,准确可靠,适用范围包括了食品中可能使用曲酸这种食品添加剂的大部分基质,可以满足进出口食品中曲酸的定性和定量要求。     

Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Doped Polyvinyl Butyral Film Containing Ru(bpy)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+}}}$ as Chemiluminescence Reagent

An effective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was developed by combining Ru(bpy) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs) doped polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film. The doped film can prevent the leakage of Ru(bpy) efficiently and the immobilized Ru(bpy) kept its electrocatalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of tripropylamine (TPA), suggesting PVB and MWNTs were proper matrix to immobilize Ru(bpy) by hydrophobic interaction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemiluminescent characterization were employed to study the presented sensor. A wide linear dynamic range of 6 orders of magnitude between ECL intensity and concentration of TPA was found from 1×10^?8 M to 5×10^?2 M, with a detection limit of 3.5×10^?9 M.     

Studies on the Formation of β-Cyclodextrin/Alkylcobaloxime Inclusion Complexes by Using NMR Methods

Abstract

It has been established that alkylcobaloxime(R=i-C₄H₉, n-C₄H₉, n-C_sH₁₁, c-C₆H₁₁, PhCH₂) and β-cyclodextrin form a kind of 1: 1 inclusion complexes in aqueous solution by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Ka and ?ΔG^θ were calculated according to chemical shift changes of different probe protons. The stability constant(Ka) has been found increasing in the order: PhCH₂ > n-C₅H₁₁ > c-C₆H₁₁ > i-C₄H₉ > n-C₄H₉.     

基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤环形谐振腔研究

光纤环形谐振腔是构成谐振式光纤陀螺的核心部件。提出了一种基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤环形谐振腔。建立了这种谐振腔的归一化传递函数模型,并且仿真分析了微光学结构参数与谐振腔特性和陀螺的极限灵敏度的关系。研制出基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤谐振腔的实验样品,完成了样品性能测试,在此基础上提出了下一步优化方案。研究结果为未来进一步研究基于微光学结构的谐振式空芯光子带隙光纤陀螺提供了理论和实验依据。