Effect of spike-timing-dependent plasticity on coherence resonance and synchronization transitions by time delay in adaptive neuronal networks

In this paper, we numerically study how time delay induces multiple coherence resonance (MCR) and synchronization transitions (ST) in adaptive Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). It is found that MCR induced by time delay STDP can be either enhanced or suppressed as the adjusting rate A_p of STDP changes, and ST by time delay varies with the increase of A_p, and there is optimal A_p by which the ST becomes strongest. It is also found that there are optimal network randomness and network size by which ST by time delay becomes strongest, and when A_p increases, the optimal network randomness and optimal network size increase and related ST is enhanced. These results show that STDP can either enhance or suppress MCR and optimal STDP can enhance ST induced by time delay in the adaptive neuronal networks. These findings provide a new insight into STDP’s role for the information processing and transmission in neural systems.     

Effect of the Duty Cycle of Flower-like Silver Nanostructures Fabricated with a Lyotropic Liquid Crystal on the SERS Spectrum

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely reported to improve the sensitivity of Raman spectra. Ordinarily, the laser is focused on the sample to measure the Raman spectrum. The size of the focused light spot is comparable with that of micro-nano structures, and the number of micro-nano structures contained in the light spot area (defined as duty cycle) will severely affect the spectrum intensity. In this study, flower-like silver nanostructures were fabricated with a soft lyotropic liquid crystal template in order to investigate the effect of duty cycle. They were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and their spectrum enhancement factor was computed with the obtained Raman spectrum. Then, their duty cycles were measured using a SERS substrate at different locations. A formula was derived to represent the relation between the duty cycle of the nanoflowers and the Raman spectral intensity. This work could promote the actual applications of SERS in high-sensitivity spectrum testing.     

Robust event-triggered $${\varvec{H}}_{{\varvec{\infty }}}$$ H ∞ controller design for vehicle active suspension systems

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we investigate the event-triggered $$H_\infty $$ controller synthesis issue for vehicle suspension systems with linear fractional uncertainties. An active...     

石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的导电、导热和力学性能,既能够自组装为电化学性能优良的石墨烯水凝胶,又可以与小分子和聚合物进行复合制备多功能性复合水凝胶,大幅度地拓展了传统水凝胶的应用范围。本文主要分为四部分来综述近些年来石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展。第一部分简要介绍了石墨烯的研究背景和石墨烯基水凝胶的研究意义。第二部分主要根据石墨烯基水凝胶的组成将其分为石墨烯水凝胶、石墨烯/小分子和石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶三类,分别介绍了它们的制备方法、形成机理和凝胶性能。其中,对石墨烯/小分子复合水凝胶的介绍以石墨烯基超分子水凝胶为主,而对石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶的介绍以智能型水凝胶为主。第三部分主要介绍了石墨烯基水凝胶在超级电容器、水处理、控释药物、微流体开关、催化剂载体等方面的应用和发展。最后,对该领域所面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。     

3-羟基克拉霉素和2'-乙酰基-3-氧代克拉霉素的合成与晶体结构

克拉霉素在不同条件下水解,分别生成3-羟基克拉霉素(2)和3-羟基-8,9,10,11-二脱水-9,12-半缩酮克拉霉素(3),用乙酸酐保护2的C(2')-OH得到2'-乙酰基-3-羟基克拉霉素(4),用Ⅳ-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)氧化4的C(3)-OH合成了2'-乙酰基-3-氧代克拉霉素(5),采用MS,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR等对这些化合物进行了表征.用X射线单晶衍射法测定了化合物2和5的晶体结构,其均属于正交晶系,P212121空间群.化合物2的晶胞参数a=1.3657(3)nm,6=1.4783(3)nm,c=1.6510(3)nm,Z=4,V=3.3332(12)am3,Dc=1.175 g/cm3,F(000)=1288,μ=0.087mm-1;化合物5的晶胞参数a=1.5124(3)nm,b=1.5247(3)nm,c=1.5288(3)nm,Z=4,V=3.5254(12)nm3,Dc=1.187g/cm3,F(000)=1368.0,μ=0.088 mm-1.     

Effect of pH on the aluminum salts hydrolysis during coagulation process: formation and decomposition of polymeric aluminum species

Effect of pH on the aluminum chloride hydrolysis at low concentration was investigated in detail by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. In particular, formation and decomposition processes of polymeric aluminum species were discussed. When coagulant AlCl(3) was diluted to normal coagulant dose (1.5 x 10(-4) mol/L), hydrolysis occurred immediately. Monomeric and dimeric aluminum species were the main products at pH 4.0. With pH increasing, hydrolysis and polymerization processes were accelerated. Monomeric and dimeric aluminum species hydrolyzed and polymerized into small polymeric aluminum species (Al(3)-Al(5) species) at pH 4.8. Through aggregation and self-assembly, the small polymeric aluminum species polymerized into median polymeric species (Al(6)-Al(10) species) at pH 5.0. In the same way, small and median polymeric aluminum species further aggregated into large polymeric species (Al(11)-Al(21) species). When pH was up to 5.8, metastable median and large polymers species decomposed into small aluminum species, then further disaggregated into dimeric species. With pH increased to 6.4, majority of aluminum species formed to Al(OH)(3) amorphous flocs. Accordingly, coagulant hydrolysis mechanism from polymerization toward decomposition was proposed. Furthermore, formation and decomposition of polymeric aluminum species in AlCl(3) solution followed the "Core-links" model, while those of Keggin-Al(13) species in polyaluminum solution was based on the "Cage-like" model.     

柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定虾中14种磺胺类药物残留量

建立了虾中14种磺胺类药物残留量的柱后衍生高效液相色谱检测方法。样品在加入内标物磺胺吡啶后用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液浓缩后用4 mL乙酸乙酯溶解残余物,用盐酸溶液反萃取,正己烷去脂,盐酸溶液经滤膜过滤后,加入乙腈、甲醇和3.5 mol/L乙酸钠溶液（体积比为5：5：20）的混合溶液混匀后,经高效液相色谱分离,用荧光胺衍生试剂进行柱后衍生,荧光检测器检测。采用基质标样添加法绘制标准曲线,内标法定量。对柱后衍生系统参数进行了优化,确定了荧光胺溶液的浓度、流速和反应温度分别为0.2 g/L、0.15 mL/min和50℃。14种磺胺类药物在5~200 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性。磺胺类药物的定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为1.0~5.0 μg/kg。在1.0~100.0 μg/kg添加水平内,磺胺类药物的平均回收率为77.8%~103.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.9%~9.1%（n=6）。实验结果表明该方法灵敏、准确,重复性好,适用于虾中磺胺类药物的残留检测。     

基于金属有机骨架复合气凝胶的分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中5种非甾体类抗炎药

非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)能在环境水体中长期稳定存在,不仅对生物有慢性毒性还能增加病原体的耐药性,开发可靠的测定水样中痕量非甾体抗炎药的分析方法至关重要.该文制备新型金属有机骨架/壳聚糖复合气凝胶材料Co-UiO-67(bpy)/CS分散固相萃取吸附剂,将其用于环境水体中酮洛芬、萘普生、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、布洛芬5...     

Image reconstruction tomography with only a method for laminar optical single Monte-Carlo simulation

Laminar optical tomography （LOT） is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo （MC） methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC （pMC） for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression （TT＆TVR） based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest （ROI） is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X - Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 × 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.     

用于脉冲功率装置测量的混合式高压分压器

为准确测量脉冲放电电压,提出了固液混合式高压分压器的原理与结构,并进行了标定和实验测试。用简化模型分析了分压器系统的理想响应条件,讨论了两级分压的衰减特性,提出了控制误差的方法。通过负载标定,得到分压器脉冲电压频率响应大于2.9 MHz,最长脉冲宽度40 s,分压比(或衰减系数)为2.60 kV/V,测量误差小于5%。该高压分压器具有造价低、制作易,同时适于ns到s级脉冲电压的测量等优点,可以在实验室中得到应用。